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Medical communication between Plain Language and Einfache Sprache
Expert-lay communication in the medical field requires the utmost attention to readers’ or listeners’ needs and competences. If these are neglected, laypeople’s comprehension of the message is likely to be negatively affected. Text types like package leaflets and informed consents have been the object of countless studies. In this volume, Giulia Pedrini examines a new document type: the layperson summary of clinical trials. She conducts her analysis from a contrastive and translational perspective in three languages (English, German, and Italian). All texts are instances of interlingual translations of simplified documents written in Plain Language; a still widely unexplored niche within the field of translation studies.
Analysis and Design of Antennas and Algorithms for Near-Field Sensing
This volume collects the main results of the Author’s Ph.D. course in Electromagnetics and Mathematical Models for Engineering, attended at ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome from November 2011 to February 2015, in the Electromagnetic Fields 1 Lab of the Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, under the tutoring of Prof. Alessandro Galli.
New Techniques for Adaptive Program Optimization
Living organisms are adapted to their environment. Modern compilers and runtime systems for computer software are no different: as part of a continuous optimization process, they can adapt the execution cycle of a program to the workload it operates on. This thesis brings novel ideas to the software optimization domain. It illustrates methodological and practical contributions that advance the state of the art for performance profiling techniques and adaptive runtime designs, backed by promising experimental results on industrial-strength benchmarks. Part of the results has been presented in flagship programming language venues.
Getting ready to act
The topic of proactivity of brain functions has become of growing interest in the cognitive neuroscience. Brain activity is no longer described solely in a reactive way, but also as preparatory and predictive of future events. This volume focuses especially on the neurocognitive activities associated with anticipatory processes of perceptual decision-making. What does the brain do to prevent mistakes? Is it possible to prevent speed and accuracy of a decision even before it is made? Why do some people perform better or worse than others? The volume answers these and other questions through the description of some original research. In particular, electroencephalographic investigations are illustrated which allowed to define a first version of the model known as “preparation-perception-action cycle”. Present findings reveal theoretical and practical implications which constitute a useful reference for researchers and scholars interested in discovering the aware and unaware ways in which our brain anticipates the future.
Metalinguistic Awareness: Recomposing Cognitive, Linguistic and Cultural Conflicts
This volume is dedicated to Maria Antonietta Pinto’s research across the past five decades. The title reflects not only the dominance of metalinguistic awareness in Pinto’s work but also the pathway through which this construct has been elaborated over the years. Under the influence of two great mentors, Jean Piaget for the cognitive aspects, and Renzo Titone for the psycholinguistic aspects, Pinto created an original construct of metalinguistic awareness and instruments to measure it at different developmental stages. The volume pays tribute, among other aspects, to the heuristic value of this construct and its use in international research.
Contrastive Phraseology
This volume is addressed to researchers in the field of phraseology, and to teachers, translators and lexicographers. It is a collection of essays offering a comprehensive, modern analysis of phrasemes, embracing a wide range of subjects and themes, from linguistic, both applied and theoretical, to cultural aspects. The contrastive approach underlying this variety of themes allows the divergences and analogies between phraseological units in two or more languages to be outlined. The languages compared here are both major and minor, European and non-European, and the text includes contrastive analyses of the most commonly investigated languages (French-German, English-Spanish, Russian-German), as well as some less frequently investigated languages (like Ukrainian, Romanian, Georgian and Thai), which are not as well-represented in phraseological description, despite their scientific interest.
Seismic Performance of Masonry Cross Vaults
Considering the seismic behaviour of cultural heritage buildings, recent earthquakes have emphasised the high vulnerability of vaulted structures. In this regard, the present thesis deals with masonry cross vaults, among the most diffused and fascinating structural typologies of the European cultural heritage. After a thorough review of cross vault historical developments, the focus is shifted to the shaking table tests of a scaled arch. These two points provided valuable information to calibrate the finite element model of cross vault, discussed next. Finally, the influence of the main geometrical and mechanical parameters on the seismic capacity of cross vaults are examined by means of a sensitivity analysis.
BREAD
Bread contains human knowledge: from knowledge concerning fertility of the land to farming methods harvesting, and seed processing, not to mention the different possibilities of consumption of cereals and the different ways in which they are cooked. In bread, we find all those components: the transformation of the natural landscape, technological and economic development which over the centuries have led to the building of a social organization, with a precise division and distribution of tasks and roles.
What’s behind neuropathic pain?
Neuropathic pain is a common problem in clinical practice, which affects patients quality of life. The more recent approach to this peculiar type of pain is based on the “sensory profiles theory”. According to this theory, neuropathic pain manifests with different combinations of sensory abnormalities, which in turn arise through different pathophysiological mechanisms. Convincing evidence now suggests that the classification of neuropathic pain according to a mechanism-based approach rather than etiology could help in targeting the therapy for the individual patient and would be useful for testing new drugs. My work has therefore focused on disclosing the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and how they translate into symptoms.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,5-diphenylpyrrole derivatives as COX-2 selective inhibitors and NO-releasing agents and development of a novel BRD9 chemical probe
This PhD thesis consists of three projects: the first and the second ones, carried out at Sapienza University of Rome, deal with the design and synthesis of novel COX-2 selective inhibitors and dual COX-2 inhibitors/NO-releasing agents, respectively. The third project concerns the development of a novel BRD9 chemical probe and was realized at the University of Oxford (Department of Chemistry).
