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Thomas G. Bever's now iconic sentence, The horse raced past the barn fell, first appeared in his 1970 paper "The Cognitive Basis of Linguistic Structures". This 'garden path sentence', so-called because of the way it leads the reader or listener down the wrong parsing path, helped spawn the entire subfield of sentence processing. It has become the most often quoted element of a paper which spanned a wealth of research into the relationship between the grammatical system and language processing. Language Down the garden Path traces the lines of research that grew out of Bever's classic paper. Leading scientists review over 40 years of debates on the factors at play in language comprehension, ...
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Metabolic Pathways, Volume II focuses on the metabolism, biosynthesis, and catabolism of amino acids. The selection first offers information on nitrogen and carbon metabolism of amino acids. Discussions focus on amino acids linked with citric acid cycle, sulfur amino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, histidine, hydroxyamino acids, urea biosynthesis and related systems, and deamidation. The text then ponders on the biosynthesis of amino acids and related compounds and metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds. Topics include metabolism of methionine, biotin, biological importance of sulfur in animals, interconversions of glutamic acid, ornithine, and prolines, and biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids. The publication takes a look at the synthesis of proteins, purines and pyrimidines, and nucleotides and nucleosides, including the components of nucleotides, purine degradation, and incorporation of preformed purine compounds into nucleic acids. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the metabolism, catabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids.
Family history and genealogical information about the descendants of Nelson Clark Shafer who was likely born ca. 1830 in Pennsylvania. He was the son of Peter S. Shavar and Sarah Newton. Nelson married Content Chapman ca. 1856. They lived in Pennsylvania and were the parents of eleven known children. Descendants lived in Connecticut, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Illinois and elsewhere.
Proteins are the work horses of the cell. As regulators of protein function, protein kinases are involved in the control of cellular functions via intricate signalling pathways, allowing for fine tuning of physiological functions. This book is a collaborative effort, with contribution from experts in their respective fields, reflecting the spirit of collaboration - across disciplines and borders - that exists in modern science. Here, we review the existing literature and, on occasions, provide novel data on the function of protein kinases in various systems. We also discuss the implications of these findings in the context of disease, treatment, and drug development.
The spread of cancer cells from their organ of origin to distant tissues is called metastasis. Cancer metastasis is the main cause of death from cancer, and in many cases is difficult to detect or treat. The process by which tumour cells become metastatic is complex and involves many stages, including detachment of cells from the main tumour mass, degradation of the surrounding extra-cellular matrix, invasion into nearby blood vessels, travel and survival through the circulatory system, attachment to a vessel wall, extra-vasation, degradation of the extra-cellular matrix into a distant tissue/organ, and the development of a novel blood supply. In order to accomplish this process, the cells a...