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Proportionality, Fundamental Rights and Balance of Powers
The ECJ has applied fundamental rights and the principle of proportionality for decades. This book tries to elucidate the Court's approach to these fundamental tenets of Community law. It starts with establishing a firm theoretical foundation. Then, the book analyzes the case law of the ECJ and other constitutional courts to find out which method courts actually apply. Next, it is discussed why the courts follow a particular approach. Then, it is considered whether the approach fulfils constitutional requirements. Finally, a rationalizing model of balancing is developed. The book is useful for the practitioner as well as for the researcher. It does not present a mere summary of the Court's case law but a systematization of the underlying rationales.
Proportionality and Judicial Activism
This book uses empirical analysis to show that courts refrain from using the proportionality test as a means of judicial activism.
Implementing the Nagoya Protocol
The adoption of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2010 is a major landmark for the global governance of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. The way in which it will be translated into practice will however depend on the concrete implementation in national country legislation across the world. Implementing the Nagoya Protocol compares existing ABS regimes in ten European countries, including one non-EU member and one EU candidate country, and critically explores several cross-cutting issues related to the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in the EU. Gathering some of the most professional and widely acclaimed experts in ABS issues, this book takes a major step towards filling a gap in the vast body of literature on national and regional implementation of global commitments regarding ABS and traditional knowledge.
Sustainability
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Efficiency, Sustainability, and Justice to Future Generations
Fifty years after the famous essay “The Problem of Social Cost” (1960) by the Nobel laureate Ronald Coase, Law and Economics seems to have become the lingua franca of American jurisprudence, and although its influence on European jurisprudence is only moderate by comparison, it has also gained popularity in Europe. A highly influential publication of a different nature was the Brundtland Report (1987), which extended the concept of sustainability from forestry to the whole of the economy and society. According to this report, development is sustainable when it “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. A key requir...
The Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region
The Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region provides insight into the energy trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region. Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region has undergone significant transformation in the last number of years. Energy actors in the region are struggling to reconcile new questions of energy security following the COVID-19 pandemic and the invasion of Ukraine with net-zero objectives and a cost-of-living crisis. Balancing these concerns is essential to resolving the “energy trilemma”: the dilemma that emerges for policy-makers and regulators seeking to balance energy security, equity, and environmental concerns in pursuit of a wholly sustainable energy system. This volume draw...
Climate Change and the Law
Climate Change and the Law is the first scholarly effort to systematically address doctrinal issues related to climate law as an emergent legal discipline. It assembles some of the most recognized experts in the field to identify relevant trends and common themes from a variety of geographic and professional perspectives. In a remarkably short time span, climate change has become deeply embedded in important areas of the law. As a global challenge calling for collective action, climate change has elicited substantial rulemaking at the international plane, percolating through the broader legal system to the regional, national and local levels. More than other areas of law, the normative and p...
The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law
The field of comparative constitutional law has grown immensely over the past couple of decades. Once a minor and obscure adjunct to the field of domestic constitutional law, comparative constitutional law has now moved front and centre. Driven by the global spread of democratic government and the expansion of international human rights law, the prominence and visibility of the field, among judges, politicians, and scholars has grown exponentially. Even in the United States, where domestic constitutional exclusivism has traditionally held a firm grip, use of comparative constitutional materials has become the subject of a lively and much publicized controversy among various justices of the U...
Ponderação e Proporcionalidade - A operação da ponderação, a proporcionalidade como norma reguladora e as condições para a deferência judicial - Vol. II
A ponderação e a proporcionalidade, que porventura consubstanciam os dois conceitos mais relevantes no domínio constitucional, têm sido o objeto das mais variadas e emocionais críticas por parte da comunidade jurídica, não obstante a inevitabilidade do primeiro em certas condições e a positivação do segundo na maioria dos sistemas jurídicos. No presente estudo, após analisar-se as respetivas condições de relevância normativa, formula-se uma teoria geral da ponderação, no âmbito da qual se explora o discurso das razões para a ação. Esclarecidas as relações conceptuais que o conectam à ponderação, é ainda exaurida a estrutura e comportamento do princípio da proporcionalidade, rejeitando-se a existência de um princípio da proibição da insuficiência, e explicitando-se a possibilidade de deferência judicial no quadro da sua aplicação.
Jahrhundertaufgabe Energiewende
Die Energiewende ist eine Jahrhundertaufgabe. Doch die bisherige Energie- und Klimapolitik greift viel zu kurz. Entgegen der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung sind Deutschland und Europa beispielsweise von ihren Klimazielen meilenweit entfernt. Unbequeme Wahrheiten, wie die Notwendigkeit zur konsequenten Verteuerung der fossilen Brennstoffe, werden nicht diskutiert. Felix Ekardt setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, wie Gesellschaften und der Einzelne sich verändern und so zu einer echten globalen Energiewende beitragen können, obwohl unsere alltäglichen Wünsche dem oft entgegenstehen. Er beschreibt, warum ein deutsches beziehungsweise europäisches Vorangehen (auch ökonomisch) sinnvoll sein könnte - und warum neue Lebensstile keine Einschränkung sind, sondern Freiheit und soziale Gerechtigkeit erst ermöglichen.
