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Applications of Statistical and Field Theory Methods to Condensed Matter
There is no doubt that we have, during the last decade, moved into a "golden age" of condensed matter science. The sequence of discoveries of novel new states of matter and their rapid assimilation into experimental and theoretical research, as well as devices, has been remarkable. To name but a few: spin glasses; incommensurate, fractal, quasicrystal structures; synthetic metals; quantum well fabrication; fractional quantum Hall effect: solid state chaos; heavy fermions; and most spectacularly high-temperature superconductivity. This rapid evolution has been marked by the need to address the reality of materials in "extreme" conditions - - disordered, nonlinear systems in reduced dimensions...
The Hubbard Model
In the slightly more than thirty years since its formulation, the Hubbard model has become a central component of modern many-body physics. It provides a paradigm for strongly correlated, interacting electronic systems and offers insights not only into the general underlying mathematical structure of many-body systems but also into the experimental behavior of many novel electronic materials. In condensed matter physics, the Hubbard model represents the simplest theoret ical framework for describing interacting electrons in a crystal lattice. Containing only two explicit parameters - the ratio ("Ujt") between the Coulomb repulsion and the kinetic energy of the electrons, and the filling (p) ...
Strong Interactions in Low Dimensions
This book provides an attempt to convey the colorful facets of condensed matter systems with reduced dimensionality. Some of the specific features predicted for interacting one-dimensional electron systems, such as charge- and spin-density waves, have been observed in many quasi-one-dimensional materials. The two-dimensional world is even richer: besides d-wave superconductivity and the Quantum Hall Effect - perhaps the most spectacular phases explored during the last two decades - many collective charge and spin states have captured the interest of researchers, such as charge stripes or spontaneously generated circulating currents. Recent years have witnessed important progress in material ...
Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimensions
As its name suggests, the 1988 workshop on "Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimen the wide variety of physical effects that are associated with (possibly sions" focused on strongly) correlated electrons interacting in quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional mate rials. Among the phenomena discussed were superconductivity, magnetic ordering, the metal-insulator transition, localization, the fractional Quantum Hall effect (QHE), Peierls and spin-Peierls transitions, conductance fluctuations and sliding charge-density (CDW) and spin-density (SDW) waves. That these effects appear most pronounced in systems of reduced dimensionality was amply demonstrated at the meeting. Indeed, when concrete illus...
Conjugated Conducting Polymers
This book reviews the current understanding of electronic, optical and magnetic properties of conjugated polymers in both the semiconducting and metallic states. It introduces in particular novel phenomena and concepts in these quasi one-dimensional materials that differ from the well-established concepts valid for crystalline semiconductors. After a brief introductory chapter, the second chapter presents basic theore tical concepts and treats in detail the various models for n-conjugated polymers and the computational methods required to derive observable quantities. Specific spatially localized structures, often referred to as solitons, polarons and bipolarons, result naturally from the in...
Physics in Living Matter
It was the aim of the 10th workshop in Gwatt (Switzerland), October 1986 to elucidate the twofold impact of physics on the life sciences. On the one hand, the powerful techniques developed for studying complex physical phenomena are very useful in the biological context. Equally useful, on the other hand, are certain physical concepts, such as symmetry and symmetry breaking, linear and nonlinear stability, frustration and constrained dynamics. In this respect the book presents exemplary contributions on topics such as - studies of the symmetries and structure of biological systems using NMR, electron microscopy and image processing; - thermodynamics and transport properties of biomembranes; - physics of proteins and applications in biotechnology; - neural networks and brain research; - the theory of evolution. Researchers in physics, particularly in statistical and biophysics, biology, physiology and medicine will find this book an excellent survey of the most lively fields of physics in living matter.
Physics in Living Matter
It was the aim of the 10th workshop in Gwatt (Switzerland), October 1986 to elucidate the twofold impact of physics on the life sciences. On the one hand, the powerful techniques developed for studying complex physical phenomena are very useful in the biological context. Equally useful, on the other hand, are certain physical concepts, such as symmetry and symmetry breaking, linear and nonlinear stability, frustration and constrained dynamics. In this respect the book presents exemplary contributions on topics such as - studies of the symmetries and structure of biological systems using NMR, electron microscopy and image processing; - thermodynamics and transport properties of biomembranes; - physics of proteins and applications in biotechnology; - neural networks and brain research; - the theory of evolution. Researchers in physics, particularly in statistical and biophysics, biology, physiology and medicine will find this book an excellent survey of the most lively fields of physics in living matter.
The Hubbard Model
This book gathers a collection of reprints on the Hubbard Model. The major contributions to the subject since its origin are included, with the aim of providing all scientists working on the model and its applications with easy access to the relevant literature.The book is divided into five parts. The introductory part is concerned with the physical origin and motivations of the model, and contains a collection of mainly historical papers. The remaining four sections are intended to present a coherent scenario of the different approaches to the model solution: exact and rigorous statistical mechanics results; variational methods; perturbative approaches; numerical Quantum Monte Carlo and exact diagonalization studies. Among the applications special emphasis is given to high-Tc superconductivity. Each section is preceded by commentary notes from the editor.
Soil Colloids and Their Associations in Aggregates
S. Henin Versailles, France It was a pleasure for me to take part in the NATO Advanced Study Workshop for studies of 'Soil Colloids and their Associations in Soil Aggregates'. The meeting provided me with a welcome opportunity to renew acquaintances with respected colleagues in the various fields of Soil Science, to listen to their presentations, and be involved in discussions which were at the frontiers of the science which deals with the structures and the associations of the soil colloidal constituents. In my view the rapid advances in Soil Science, and the great benefits to agriculture from these, have their origins in the emerging understanding of the structures and the associations of ...
Solitons & Polarons in Conducting Polymers
Polyacetylence, (CH)x is the simplest conjugated polymer. Prestine polyacetylence is a good insulator, whereas its highly doped version exhibits metal-like electrical conductivity. This book gives a detailed introduction to this rapidly-developing field is given along with a collection of original papers. The main purpose is to help chemists and physicists grasp the main ideas and most important facts; an expert may also find it useful as a reference volume.
