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The human intestinal bacterium Eggerthella lenta influences gut metabolomes in gnotobiotic mice
The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites are known to influence host metabolic health. However, little is known about the role of specific microbes. In this work, we used the minimal consortium Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM12) to study the function of Coriobacteriia under defined conditions in gnotobiotic mice. OMM12 mice with or without the addition of the dominant gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta (E. lenta) were fed with diets varying in fat content and primary bile acids. E. lenta stably colonised the mouse caecum at high relative abundances (median: 27.5%). This was accompanied by decreased occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Enterococcus faecalis, but results did not reach stati...
Iron as Environmental Factor in the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease-like Ileitis
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Iron replacement therapy is a common treatment in anemic CD patients, but oral iron supplements seem to be less tolerated. Pathogenesis of CD has been attributed to intestinal bacteria and environmental factors including dietary components like iron that trigger disease in a genetically predisposed host. The aim of this study was to characterize the interrelationship between iron, the gut microbiota and the development of chronic ileitis in a murine model of CD. Experimental results indicate that luminal iron sulfate deprivation in combination with syst...
Understanding Crohn's Disease: Immunity, Genes and Microbes
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory bowel disease resulting in considerable morbidity and reduced quality of life. Although still under intense debate, CD seems to result from an enhanced and uncontrolled immune response to the gut microbiota. CD is thought to be multifactorial depending on genetic and environmental determinants. In recent years, nearly 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with increased risk of developing CD (some of the SNPs also associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis, another type of IBD). These SNPs are mostly located in genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms, such as autophagy, expression of p...
Oral Tolerance
Oral tolerance is a major immunological property of the gastrointestinal mucosa. It plays a critical role in immune defence by preventing inflammatory and allergic responses to dietary and non pathogenic microbial antigens. The interest in oral tolerance has been renewed in the recent years, due to novel insights on its cellular mechanisms and potential clinical applications in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Oral Tolerance: Cellular and Molecular Basis, Clinical Aspects, and Therapeutic Potential, has been designed as a concise yet comprehensive overview of the newest fundamental and clinical advances in the field. Based on the outstanding contribution of world experts, this book will...
Novel Frontiers in the Production of Compounds for Biomedical Use
The present book entitled “Novel Frontiers in the Production of Compounds for Biomedical Uses” can perhaps be placed in its best perspective by the Shakespearean character in The Tempest who exclaimed" What’s past is prologue”. Indeed, this compilation of some of the outstanding presentations in the field of biomedicine made at th the 9 European Congress on Biotechnology (Brussels, Belgium, July 11-15, 1999) not only reflects the achievements of the recent past, but provides a privileged glimpse of the biotechnology that is emerging in the first decade of the new Millennium. It is becoming increasingly apparent that biotechnology is offering biomedicine novel approaches and solutions...
Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods
Fermented foods have been an important part of the human diet in many cultures for many centuries. Modern research, especially on the immune system, is revealing how these foods and their active ingredients impact human health. Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods presents the latest data on fermented food products, their production processes, an
Metabonomics and Gut Microbiota in Nutrition and Disease
This book provides a comprehensive overview of metabonomics and gut microbiota research from molecular analysis to population-based global health considerations. The topics include the discussion of the applications in relation to metabonomics and gut microbiota in nutritional research, in health and disease and a review of future therapeutical, nutraceutical and clinical applications. It also examines the translatability of systems biology approaches into applied clinical research and to patient health and nutrition. The rise in multifactorial disorders, the lack of understanding of the molecular processes at play and the needs for disease prediction in asymptomatic conditions are some of t...
The Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease
The book provides an overview on how the gut microbiome contributes to human health. The readers will get profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems. The tools of choice to study the ecology of these highly-specialized microorganism communities such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic mining will be presented. In addition the most common diseases associated to the composition of the gut flora are discussed in detail. The book will address researchers, clinicians and advanced students working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology.
