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Race and Criminal Justice
′The social landscape of ′race′ and ′ethnicity′ within contemporary Britain has become increasingly diverse and complex. The old, exclusive research emphasis in criminology on the outcomes of social inequalities and policies is now challenged by an appreciation of how race and ethnicity are constructed and other theoretical perspectives. This collection of papers will introduce students to these subjects, and do so usefully by addressing contemporary themes that must be given attention by criminologists.′ - Professor Simon Holdaway, University of Sheffield ′This collection provides useful and up-to-date information on the response of police, prosecution, prisons and probation s...
Police Brutality, Racial Profiling, and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System
In order to protect and defend citizens, the foundational concepts of fairness and equality must be adhered to within any criminal justice system. When this is not the case, accountability of authorities should be pursued to maintain the integrity and pursuit of justice. Police Brutality, Racial Profiling, and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System is an authoritative reference source for the latest scholarly material on social problems involving victimization of minorities and police accountability. Presenting relevant perspectives on a global and cross-cultural scale, this book is ideally designed for researchers, professionals, upper-level students, and practitioners involved in the fields of criminal justice and corrections.
Racism and the Administration of Justice
In 1994, up to a million men, women and children were slaughtered in Rwanda in just 100 days. The genocide showed how quickly racism - in this case in the form of ethnic hatred - can erupt into bloodshed and despair, particularly when it is fuelled by those in power or hose seeking power. Racism, to varying degrees and in various forms, infects virtually every country of the world. The law and its administration, which should uphold the values of justice and equality, is one of the primary forces in opposing the effects of racism.Yet justice systems all too often fail in this purpose and instead mirror the prejudices of the society they serve. Based on research conducted by Amnesty International in recent years, this publication shows that members of ethnic minorities often suffer torture, ill-treatment and harassment at the hands of the police. In many parts of the world, they face unfair trials and discrimintory sentencing which puts them at increased risk of harsh punishments, including the death penalty. Action to combat racism is needed urgently. This report concludes with recommendations on how governments can work to end racism in the administration of justice.
Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System
This 2-year study compared the treatment of white and minority offenders at key decision points in the criminal justice processing of approximately 1,400 male prison inmates in California, Michigan, and Texas. Study data came from the California Offender-Based Transaction Statistics which tracks offender-processing from arrest to sentencing, and the Rand Inmate Survey which yielded data from self-reports of approximately 1,400 male prison inmates in California, Michigan, and Texas. Prior research on discrimination in the criminal justice system produced controversial and contradictory findings. Section II discusses the problems with this research and briefly describes the data and methodolog...
Ethnic Minorities and the Criminal Justice System
This book explores some of the themes in the history of racial minorities in Britain and its' criminal justice system, based on the results of an exploratory survey of social inquiry reports prepared by courts for the probation service of Leicester. The survey examined 24 social inquiry reports prepared on black and Asian offenders in 1986 to determine the existence of positive or negative racial discrimination, the influence of race on report-writing practices, and implications for further research. A multiracial panel analyzed the reports. Findings indicated that both positive and negative racial biases exist and that report writers select from three general frameworks in analyzing a particular case. Thus, they might conclude (1) that cultural conflict explained the offender's behaviour, (2) that race was only a marginal factor in the crime, or (3) that the offender was "alien" because of rejecting British values. The analyses also revealed that complex and diverse factors are at work in the criminal justice system and in British society and suggested the future possibility of an effective multiracial criminal justice system. (Source: NCJRS, modified).
Criminal Injustice
This volume examines racism within the process of criminal justice. In every society criminal justice plays a key role establishing social control and maintaining the hegemony of the dominant economic classes. The contributors to this anthology argue that the differential treatment of people of colour and First Nations peoples is due to systemic racism within all levels of the criminal justice system, which serves these dominant classes. Ideological and cultural changes are preconditions for the success of anti-racist policies and practices within the criminal justice system and within other state institutions. Recommendations for transformations in justice policy and practice are provided.
Black Women and The Criminal Justice System
First published in 1997, this book identifies the problems that face black women in the criminal justice system as the result of the articulation of unequal and oppressive class, race and gender relations; the research aims to be aware of all three rather than prioritising, isolating or reducing one or two of these relations. The focus of this research primarily on black women is based on the belief that they are marginalised in both society and criminological research. Black women are poorly represented in education, employment, the professions, commerce, industry and politics while in prison their presence is highly disproportionate to their wider numbers in society. The author examines the problems facing black women and compares these with those facing black men and white women to demonstrate the articulation of social relations. He addresses the structural positions of black women in society, their social relations and the nature of the institutional practices of the criminal justice system.
Justice for All
This is the first book that provides a comprehensive examination of social equity in American public administration. The breadth of coverage--theory, context, history, implications in policy studies, applications to practice, and an action agenda--cannot be found anywhere else. The introduction examines the values that support social equity (fairness, equality, justice) in relationship to each other. Unlike other books, Justice for All contrasts equality with the value of freedom and related norms such as individulalism and competition. It is the tension between these competing value clusters that shapes the debate about social equity in the United States. Subsequent chapters advance this th...
