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This book presents the latest developments and recent research trends in the field of plankton, highlighting the potential ecological and biotechnological applications. It critically and comprehensively discusses strain selection, growth characteristics, large-scale culturing, and biomass harvesting, focusing on the screening and production of high-value products from algae, and evaluating carbon dioxide sequestration from fuel gas as a climate change mitigation strategy. The latter areas of research are clearly central to the sustainable development approach that is currently attracting global attention. Over the decades, much of the literature on has focused on the biological and ecologica...
Although their significance often goes unnoticed in our day-to-day lives, insects are diverse creatures that play an indispensable role in our ecosystems. This book presents an in-depth discussion about the field of entomology and discusses the anatomy and physiology of insects, their unique body structures, and how they contribute to their diverse ways of life. It also details the mechanisms behind their behaviors – from intricate mating rituals to elaborate communication methods, and explores the vital roles insects play in pollination, nutrient cycling, and maintaining the delicate balance of ecosystems. The subject matter of this book also includes stories of insect discovery, examples of research, and insights into the ongoing efforts to conserve insect diversity in the face of environmental challenges. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer of the liver and the third most cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The 5-year survival of HCC is less than 20%, making HCC the second most lethal malignancy; the first being pancreatic cancer. HCC usually occurs in patients with chronic liver disease in association with a variety of risk factors, including chronic liver infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus; excessive consumption of alcohol; overeating, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; other metabolic liver diseases including Wilson’s disease, hemochromatosis, and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; and environmental toxins such as aflatoxins. Tobacco...
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The global incidence of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases has been gradually increasing in recent years, which seriously threatens human health and increases the economic burden. More importantly, gastrointestinal and hepatic malignancies have the highest incidence and mortality rates among all tumors, such as liver cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer. There are also non-neoplastic diseases such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic atrophic gastritis, ulcerative colitis, and reflux esophageal disease that also affect patients' quality of life. Although progress has been made in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases, and corresponding therapeutic drugs have been also developed, the specific mechanisms of the diseases are still not revealed and there is a lack of specific drugs. In view of this, this topic aims to explore new molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and potential therapeutic agents and pharmacological effects of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases.
Gastrointestinal malignancies encompass a large number of tumor types, and collectively are responsible for a significant portion of new cancer cases annually. According to the IARC database, colorectal cancer alone is responsible for approximately 10% of new cases of cancer worldwide annually. There is significant heterogeneity across the various tumor types, with different pathways and factors involved in oncogenesis, as well as varying degrees of prognosis depending on the tumor type. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to a significant portion of the human transcriptome, and of particular interest are the micro-RNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular ncRNAs (circRNAs). With the advent of next-generation sequencing and new technologies such a minimally invasive biopsy techniques, there is a growing body of evidence elucidating the role of ncRNAs in the progression of various form of gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, in addition to their relevance to cancer progression, these ncRNAs have important potential as biomarkers and prognostic markers for various GI cancers.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the second International Symposium on Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications (ISTA’16), held on September 21–24, 2016 in Jaipur, India. The 80 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 210 initial submissions and are organized in topical sections on image processing and artificial vision, computer networks and distributed systems, intelligent tools and techniques and applications using intelligent techniques.