Welcome to our book review site go-pdf.online!
You may have to Search all our reviewed books and magazines, click the sign up button below to create a free account.
Biological Tolerance to Air Blast and Related Biomedical Criteria
Experience with animals exposed in a variety of above and below ground structures during full-scale field operations at the Nevada Test Site in 1953, 1955 and 1957 were reviewed. The data were assembled and summarized to illustrate the nature of the blast-induced problems of significance in protective shelters, "open" as well as "closed". Potential hazards were related to the following: various patterns of variation in environmental pressure; translational events associated with transient, high-velocity winds, ground shock and gravity involving the impact of energized inanimate objects on the one hand the the consequences of whole-body displacement on the other; non-line-of-site thermal phen...
Body Armor
None
Hearings
None
The Tolerance of Guinea Pigs to Air Blast when Mounted in Shallow, Deep, and Deep-with-offset Chambers on a Shock Tube
One hundred and eighteen guinea pigs were exposed to air blast in shallow, deep, and deep-with-offset chambers mounted on a shock tube. The LD(50)- 24 hours, in terms of the incident shock pressures measured adjacent to the chambers, was calculated by probit analysis to be 34.9 psi, 19.5 psi, and 26.8 psi for animals in the shallow, deep, and deep-with-offset chambers, respectively. According to the LD(50) incident pressures, the shallow chambers offered the most protection against air blast; the deep chambers, the least. Comparing the LD(50)pressure dose at the animals' location revealed little difference in their tolerance to overpressure, per se; i.e., LD(50) reflected pressures measured by gauges within the deep and deep-with-offset chambers were 34.6 psi and 35.9 psi, respectively. The LD(50) incident shock pressure of 34.9 psi in the shallow chambers was considered to be the dose at the animal's location in that instance. The protection against blast provided by the three chambers and the response of animals to the particular pressure time patterns encountered are discussed.
The Exposure of Guinea Pigs to Pressure-pulses Generated During the End-to-end Test (no. 2) of Atlas Missile 8-D (March 31, 1962)
The exposure of guinea pigs to pressure-pulses generated during the end-to-end test (no. 2) of Atlas missile 8-D (March 31, 1962) extent of the blast hazard to the operator of a pressure control unit, an Atlas 8-D missile was pressurized to 35 psi with gaseous nitrogen and ruptured with an explosive charge. Three guinea pigs were placed on the pressure control unit which was located beneath the ramp 90 ft from the missile. In addition, ten guinea pigs were placed on the surface of the simulated ramp at 30-, 35-, 75- and 94-ft ranges. Following the burst, missile fragments littered the test area, although none were found at the pressure control unit. Overpressures of only 0.3 psi were recorde...
A Tentative Estimation of Man's Tolerance to Overpressures from Air Blast
Tentative estimates of the sharp-rising overpressures as a function of duration which represent a lethal hazard to the 70-kg animal 1, 50 and 99 per cent of the time were presented. The predictions were based on interspecies correlations and extrapolations encompassing blast-tolerance data for six mammalian species. The tentative application of the data to indicate human blast tolerance was discussed and relevant uncertainties in the estimates were emphasized. It was also pointed out that biologic tolerance would be different for air-blast pulses having non-ideal wave forms frequently associated with various geometries of exposure. Selected pathophysiological information pertinent to the biological response following blast exposure was given; namely survival time and selected postshot observations of dogs and goats.
The Effects of Airblast on Sheep in Two-man Foxholes
The blast effects in rectangular two-man foxholes were evaluated using sheep. There were two open foxholes at ground ranges of 560, 650, 830, 940, and 1,300 feet from a 500-ton TNT charge. Because of an anomalous detonation, pressures measured adjacent to the foxhole layout were significantly below those predicted. Moreover, luminous jets emanating from the fireball produced shock waves that preceded the main shock. This gave rise to a blast wave with double shocks known generally to be less damaging to biological systems. All the sheep survived the blast. At the 560- and 650-foot ranges (37 and 21 p.s.i.) some of the sheep sustained slight amounts of pulmonary hemorrhage. In addition, they exhibited a high incidence of eardrum rupture of a severe form. (Author).
