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The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foa...
Encapsulation and controlled release combines basic information on the subject with details of the latest research, making it suitable for both newcomers to the field and those with experience of encapsulation technology. It will also be of great interest to those working on water-soluble or dispersible polymers, as well as application chemists and biochemists in diverse areas.
Despite advances in the development of new drugs, a drug may never reach the target organ, or it may be difficult to achieve the necessary level of drug in the body. Large doses can result in serious side effects and can harm normal, as well as diseased, cells and organs, and for this reason it is vital that controlled release and the targeting of delivery systems must evolve in parallel to drug research. Chemical Aspects of Drug Delivery Systems reflects the modern challenge to devise effective drug delivery and targeting systems, giving particular emphasis to recent innovations in the field. Delivery systems described include carbohydrate derivatives, novel nonionic surfactant vesicles and...
Existing surfactants directories tend to focus on product identification by tradename, producer or chemical type, enabling the user only to identify product equivalents and surfactant suppliers. Application information, where available, is usually scant or given as a footnote. This new directory approaches the identification of surfactants primarily from the applications standpoint. Hence the formulator or end-user can readily assess the products available for use in a particular industry sector and select materials giving the required surface active properties. For example, a formulator of agrochemicals for crop protection can turn to the section which refers to surfactants for use in the a...
Numerous applications for biocides have been found in fields as diverse as ethical pharmaceuticals and cat litter products. The aim of this book is two-fold: to provide a comprehensive guide to the use of biocides across a range of applications; and to aid in the selection of a biocide that is "fit for purpose". It covers a cross-section of traditional measures, novel ideas and innovative developments, as well as addressing the biocides market, the political outlook and future trends of biocide use. With contributions by acknowledged experts in the field, Industrial Biocides is a unique title that will be welcomed by many in industry, including industrial and water chemists, microbiologists, and plant and environment managers.
Environmental considerations are increasingly shaping the development of many industries. This is an overview of surfactants and the environment. It goes on to look at new surfactants derived from renewable, "natural" resources such as sucrose, seaweed and starch. Other chapters review a decade of change in the surfactant industry and assess future market trends. Some of the developments in surfactant technology are presented, including "gemini" twin-chained surfactants, sulfobetaines, alkyl phosphates and the use of alkyl alkoxylates and alkyl glucosides in highly alkaline solutions. The volume takes a practical approach throughout.
Design and Selection of Performance Surfactants is the resource for clear, informative, in-depth reviews of the most topical areas of surfactant science and technology. This is the second volume in an annual series already recognized as an essential resource for major developments in the field. Topics in this volume include spontaneous polymerization in organized micellar media, the catalytic and kinetic effects in ethoxylation processes, narrow and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, plus the latest advances in flurosurfactants and carbohydrate-derived surfactants. Further readings cover the cutting-edge, microbial and enzymatic production of biosurfactants advances in the computer modeling of surfactants. International contributors detail the latest applications in oil drilling, floor polishes, and food emulsification. Science and industry are constantly refining research and finding new applications for surface chemical technology. Reading Design and Selection of Performance Surfactants is the most efficient and accessible way for chemists, researchers, and manufacturers to stay abreast of the latest developments.
This volume provides a comprehensive overview for recognizing and producing the characteristics of successful special surfactant agents. It highlights one of the most versatile and effective surface-active surfactant agents, detailing the synthesis and production, chemical properties and behaviours, and application for alkyl polyglucosides.