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Manajemen pemasaran merupakan proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pemikiran, penetapan harga, promosi serta menyalurkan gagasan barang dan jasa untuk mendapatkan pertukaran yang memenuhi sasaran-sasaran individu dalam organisasi (Kotler & Keller 2007:27). Untuk mencapai pemasaran yang tepat perlu menganalisis terlebih dahulu faktor lingkungan. Peran pemasaran dalam pembangunan ekonomi dapat dihargai setelah membahas masalah lingkungan dan mengikuti konsep pengelolaan lingkungan. Dalam hal ini, pemasar dituntut untuk berhatihati dalam kegiatan pemasaran mereka yang diarahkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan tanpa mengorbankan kemampuan generasi mendatang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sendiri (Quoquab and Mohammad, 2016).
Dalam dunia usaha, risiko akan selalu ditemui karena adanya ketidakpastian yang tidak dapat diprediksi sebelumnya yang dapat menyebabkan beberapa kerugian yang harus diterima oleh perusahaan. Begitu juga untuk usaha kecil menengah (UKM) di mana latar belakang modal yang kurang begitu kuat, menyebabkan risiko yang berakibat pada gangguan operasional, kerugian finansial dan bahkan akan mengarah pada kebangkrutan. Walaupun risiko itu beragam dan pasti ada dalam dunia industri, namun risiko dapat dideteksi lebih awal sehingga dapat diantisipasi dampak yang mungkin timbul. Pengelolaan risiko agar risiko tersebut tidak menjadi suatu penggangu dalam kegiatan industri ini biasanya disebut dengan manajemen risiko (risk management). Oleh karena itu pengelolaan risiko untuk mengurangi dan meminimalkan kerugian sangat penting untuk usaha kecil mengingat risiko yang dihadapi industri kecil menengah cukup beragam.
In 2004 the Indonesian government made a commitment to provide its entire population with health insurance coverage through a mandatory public health insurance scheme. It has moved boldly already provides coverage to an estimated 76.4 million poor and near poor, funded through the public budget. Nevertheless, over half the population still lacks health insurance coverage, and the full fiscal impacts of the government's program for the poor have not been fully assessed or felt. In addition, significant deficiencies in the efficiency and equity of the current health system, unless addressed will exacerbate cost pressures and could preclude the effective implementation of universal coverage (Ue...
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This highly informative book explores the world of Post-Soeharto Indonesian audio-visual media in the exiting era of Reform. From a multidisciplinary approach it considers a wide variety of issues such as mainstream and alternative film practices, ceremonial and independent film festivals, film piracy, history and horror, documentary, television soaps, and Islamic films, as well as censorship from the state and street. Through the perspective of discourses on, and practices of film production, distribution, and exhibition, this book gives a detailed insight into current issues of Indonesia’s social and political situation, where Islam, secular realities, and ghosts on and off screen, mingle or clash.
As a food resource in both Eastern and Western countries, the eel is an important fish. Over the years, remarkable progress has been achieved in understanding the mysterious life cycle of eels that has fascinated scientists since the age of Aristotle. The spawning area of the Japanese eel was discovered and the migratory route of its larvae was elucidated. With the development of techniques for artificial induction of gonadal maturation, it became possible to obtain hatched larvae. Larval rearing to the leptocephalus stage, one of the most difficult tasks involved in eel culture, finally was achieved. By presenting these important breakthroughs, Eel Biology will be of great help in the development of effective management strategies for maintaining stable eel populations. With contributions by leading experts, this book is a valuable source for researchers as well as industry technicians in the fields of aquatic biology, aquaculture, and fisheries.
I really applaud your efforts. It s really diffi cult to do a book like that. - WAZIR Thanks again for your immense work, my family and I are indeed extremely grateful. - AZLAN Your effort in writing about the early Muslim doctors is very commendable and would be good for present and future generations to read about. - TAHIR You are doing valuable work by fi lling in the gaps in our history. I wish more of our retirees would impart their memories to repositories of knowledge such as the USM. - TAWFIK