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Manajemen pemasaran merupakan proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pemikiran, penetapan harga, promosi serta menyalurkan gagasan barang dan jasa untuk mendapatkan pertukaran yang memenuhi sasaran-sasaran individu dalam organisasi (Kotler & Keller 2007:27). Untuk mencapai pemasaran yang tepat perlu menganalisis terlebih dahulu faktor lingkungan. Peran pemasaran dalam pembangunan ekonomi dapat dihargai setelah membahas masalah lingkungan dan mengikuti konsep pengelolaan lingkungan. Dalam hal ini, pemasar dituntut untuk berhatihati dalam kegiatan pemasaran mereka yang diarahkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan tanpa mengorbankan kemampuan generasi mendatang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sendiri (Quoquab and Mohammad, 2016).
Dalam dunia usaha, risiko akan selalu ditemui karena adanya ketidakpastian yang tidak dapat diprediksi sebelumnya yang dapat menyebabkan beberapa kerugian yang harus diterima oleh perusahaan. Begitu juga untuk usaha kecil menengah (UKM) di mana latar belakang modal yang kurang begitu kuat, menyebabkan risiko yang berakibat pada gangguan operasional, kerugian finansial dan bahkan akan mengarah pada kebangkrutan. Walaupun risiko itu beragam dan pasti ada dalam dunia industri, namun risiko dapat dideteksi lebih awal sehingga dapat diantisipasi dampak yang mungkin timbul. Pengelolaan risiko agar risiko tersebut tidak menjadi suatu penggangu dalam kegiatan industri ini biasanya disebut dengan manajemen risiko (risk management). Oleh karena itu pengelolaan risiko untuk mengurangi dan meminimalkan kerugian sangat penting untuk usaha kecil mengingat risiko yang dihadapi industri kecil menengah cukup beragam.
Annotation Provides information on progress and trends, including poornonpoor disparities; health systems reform as a means of laying building blocks for the efficient and equitable delivery of effective interventions; the financing of health spending through domestic resources and aid; and improving the effectiveness of development assistance in health. Linking the health Millennium Development Goals? agenda with the broader poverty-reduction agenda, this book is a valuable resource for policymakers in developing countries and development practitioners working in the health, nutrition, and population sector as well as students and scholars of public health.
The 23rd EUROCALL conference was organised by the Cyprus University of Technology Language Centre. The theme of the conference was “CALL communities and Culture”. Between the 24th and 27th August 2016, over 135 presentations were delivered and 27 posters were presented; 84 of these presentations appear in this volume of selected peer-reviewed short papers.
As a food resource in both Eastern and Western countries, the eel is an important fish. Over the years, remarkable progress has been achieved in understanding the mysterious life cycle of eels that has fascinated scientists since the age of Aristotle. The spawning area of the Japanese eel was discovered and the migratory route of its larvae was elucidated. With the development of techniques for artificial induction of gonadal maturation, it became possible to obtain hatched larvae. Larval rearing to the leptocephalus stage, one of the most difficult tasks involved in eel culture, finally was achieved. By presenting these important breakthroughs, Eel Biology will be of great help in the development of effective management strategies for maintaining stable eel populations. With contributions by leading experts, this book is a valuable source for researchers as well as industry technicians in the fields of aquatic biology, aquaculture, and fisheries.
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This tutorial is the first comprehensive introduction to (possibly infinite) linear systems containing strict inequalities and evenly convex sets. The book introduces their application to convex optimization. Particular attention is paid to evenly convex polyhedra and finite linear systems containing strict inequalities. The book also analyzes evenly convex and quasiconvex functions from a conjugacy and duality perspective. It discusses the applications of these functions in economics. Written in an expository style the main concepts and basic results are illustrated with suitable examples and figures..