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The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Duat
Every morning, a fearful monster called apep lurked beneath the place of sunrise, ready to swallow up the solar disk. This "Great Devil" was impossible to destroy, even for the Sun-god. However, by reciting morning after morning the powerful spell that Thoth provided him with, he could paralyze all of Apep's limbs and rise upon this World. Since the "great gods," though benevolently inclined towards the dead, are unable to protect them from demons that lived upon "bodies, souls, spirits, shadows, and hearts of the dead," the Egyptians decided to invoke Thoth's assistance on behalf of their dead and to place them under the protection of his spells. Many funerary texts were composed by Egyptian theologians under the fourth dynasty (about 3700 B.C.) and were probably well known under the first dynasty and throughout the whole Period of dynastic history; Thoth was thought to be the author of the "Book of the Dead."
Pyramids and Literature in Ancient Egypt
Pyramids have been around for thousands of years, but we still don't know exactly how they were built. The oldest pyramids are found at Giza and Saqqara. The Great Pyramid at Giza is one of the Seven Wonders of the World and was built during the fourth dynasty (2575-2150 BC). During this time, there was also an increase in writing, literature, and artisanship. The Westcar Papyrus tells us of three royal women who lived during the 4th dynasty: Khufu's mother Henutsen, his wife Hetepheres I, and her sister Meresankh II. The latter was also his daughter-in-law because she married his son Khafre (ruled 2558–2532 BC). She may have been buried inside this pyramid when she died at age 26. The fir...
The Initiates of Egypt
The ancient Egyptians celebrated festivals (entirely or partially) in temples. These were sacred places where humans could approach the gods. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the character of the temples as separate entities from the world because they are in the lands that first appeared." The number of temples built by other ancient cultures is unparalleled. They have been classified as mansions of the deities, models of Egypt and the cosmos, focal points of worship, portals to the divine, islands of order amid oceans of chaos, and spiritual engines. Despite the physical stone of these temples, "we can still perceive much of their symbolic nature, the deeper reasons for their construction" beneath the surface.
The Sacred Lost Knowledge of Ancient Egypt
The Egyptians were considered participants in the drama of sacred life as members of the natural cosmic order. In the Metaphysical and Funerary Treatises, the interaction between the Neteru and human beings is described without distinction of such conditions, emphasizing only the purity of the person's life or intentions. Since it was uncovered in the late nineteenth century, the Dynasty 12 papyrus A Dispute Between a Man and His Ba has intrigued translators. While the work raises issues about the social conditions of the time it was written, it is, without doubt, a reflection of Egyptian concepts about the spiritual aspects of One's earthly life, just like the Ba, the Ka, and the transformation of the soul. In ancient Egypt, "sacred anatomy" has also been used to illustrate spiritual concepts and moral values, elements of great importance for the development of temple students.
Divine Wisdom in the Temples of Egypt
Egypt's temples are the temporary residence of the Neter and the location of its mysteries. "Mysteries" refers to the complete knowledge of the Neter's powers and manifestations, as well as how this knowledge is accessed by those connected to it. Among the reports of ancient travelers, we find references to the mysteries practiced in Egyptian temples. Although the activities were universally known, only those qualified to participate had access to knowledge and practice about them. A lengthy period of study at the Per Neter was required as well as a period of service dedicated to the temple only.
Dynasties of Egypt
In ancient Egyptian history, some dynasties prospered, and some faded out of existence. They are traditionally divided into thirty-two pharaonic dynasties; they are classified into "kingdoms" and "intermediate periods" from these dynasties.Manetho, the third-century Egyptian priest, gives us the first thirty dynasties, which he published in Aegytiaca, now lost to ravages of time. These likely stems from the Ptolemaic rule in Egypt. The Ptolemaic Dynasty and the 31st dynasty form the remaining two.While widely used and valuable, the system does have its weaknesses. Some dynasties only governed part of Egypt and endured concurrently with other dynasties based in other cities. The Seventh might...
Ancient Advanced Technology in South America
There are a host of ancient ruins in South America, claimed by the Inca, inherited by the Inca, conquered by the Inca and built by the Inca. Although one label has stuck on each monument or ancient site, it is clear there are many layers of construction, physically and conceptually. Academics and Scholars still debate who built these, monuments, did they inherit them? Was there a Pre-Inca culture, but everyone can appreciate how advanced the ‘Inca Ancient Ruins’ found in the highlands of South America. The Inca were largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time, yet doubt is cast on their monuments and origins. Tiahuanaco, a region of Bolivia that hol...
The Enigma of Sumerian Gods
The so-called descendant of the Elder God is often seen as a rival in such relationships. Many of his followers worship elder gods. During his lifetime, Nebo acquired something of a reputation as a god of wisdom, and it may have been because of this that he was able to stand apart from Merodach without becoming absorbed into the cult of the great Deity of Sumer. The writing was credited to him, as it was to all 'wise' gods. His department interpreted the movements of the heavenly bodies. Nebo and his consort Tashmit were particularly popular as patrons of writing with the bookish King Assur-bani-pal. As soon as the worship of Merodach became recognized at Sumer, the cult of Nebo at Borsippa ...
Anunnaki Lands in the Ancient Near East
There were talented and dexterous people living in what is now southern Iraq during the time of Sumer. Humankind's first known civilization arose in the fertile plain irrigated by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers some 6,000 years ago "suddenly," "unexpectedly," and "with stunning abruptness," according to researchers. It was a society to which we owe virtually every 'First' of what we consider essential to an advanced society: For example, the wheel and wheeled transportation; brick, which made (and still makes) high-rise buildings; furnaces and kilns, which are vital to industries from baking to metallurgy. In Sumer, astronomy, mathematics, cities and urban societies, kingships and laws, temples and priesthoods, calendars, festivals, recipes, art, artifacts, and, above all, writing and record-keeping are all firsts. They were the first to record and describe past events and tell tales of their gods through artful statues and statuettes depicted in a devotional stance.
DTV: The Revolution in Digital Video
Exhaustive compendium of DTV details Now there’s an up-to-the-minute edition of the #1 guide to digital television. And none too soon, because in the two years since the last edition was published, DTV has undergone dizzying technical and regulatory changes. You’ll find them all covered in Jerry Whitaker’s DTV: The Revolution in Digital Video, Third Edition.This engineering-level guide to the ATSC DTV standard and its impact on the television broadcast industry is loaded with examples, detailed diagrams and schematics. It’s a tutorial for all ATSC and SMPTE standards and FCC regulations guiding DTV licensing and applications. This timely edition explores the implications of datacasting and interactive television...harmonizing DTV with the European DVB system...and the bristling controversy over the ATSC standard’s suitability for urban broadcast. A dedicated Website, updated monthly, ensures that you’ll stay on top of all fast-breaking news and developments in the field.
