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Institutional Legal Facts
Law is traditionally conceived as consisting of norms of conduct and power-conferring norms. This conception, however, is unable to account for a variety of elements of modern legal systems that differ significantly from the classical notions. This book concerns the problem of which results of human activity can obtain legal validity. The author makes use of recent findings in speech act theory, especially John R. Searle and Daniel Vanderveken's illocutionary logic. He sets out a theory of legal norms conceived as institutional legal facts resulting from performances of speech acts specified in power-conferring norms. The theory provides a classification of acts-in-the-law and of legal norms resulting from performances of these. Finally, the transition is made from institutional legal facts to legal institutions. The book is a contribution to the institutional theory of law as developed by N. MacCormick and O. Weinberger.
Legal Institutions
Building on his contributions to institutional legal theory in Institutional Legal Facts of 1993 (Law and Philosophy Library, volume 18), the author presents a comprehensive theory of legal institutions. To that end, the initial theoretical approach, which mainly concentrated on problems connected with legal powers and legal acts (acts-in-law), is widened to allow for the development of a theory of legal judgements capable of accounting not only for enacted but also unwritten law (legal principles and customary law). With the use of the concept of institutional legal facts, the structure of legal institutions is analyzed in detail. In addition to that, a classification of legal institutions ...
Methods in Membrane Biology
Examination of the tables of contents of journals - biochemical, molecular biological, ultrastructural, and physiological-provides convincing evidence that membrane biology will be in the 1970s what biochemical genetics was in the 1960s. And for good reason. If genetics is the mechanism for main taining and transmitting the essentials of life, membranes are in many ways the essence of life. The minimal requirement for independent existence is the individualism provided by the separation of "life" from the environment. The cell exists by virtue of its surface membran~. One might define the first living organism as that stage of evolution where macromolecular catalysts or self-reproducing poly...
Conformation in Biology and Drug Design
The Peptides: Analysis, Synthesis, Biology, Volume 7: Conformation in Biology and Drug Design focuses on the analysis of peptides, emphasizing the use of physical methods in peptide conformational analysis and the relationship of conformational properties of peptides to biological properties. This book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the perspective on the application of physical methods to peptide conformational analysis. The use of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to examine the conformational properties of peptides in solution is elaborated in Chapter 2, while the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to examine the special relationships of aromatic side-chain groups to one another is discussed in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, the use of various theoretical methods to calculate the conformations of peptides is described. The methods used to stimulate peptide conformations and dynamics are outlined in Chapter 5. The last four chapters examine various aspects of the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in peptide conformational analysis. This volume is suitable for biologists, specialists, and researchers interested in peptides and proteins.
Microbial Ecology in Sustainable Agroecosystems
While soil ecologists continue to be on the forefront of research on biodiversity and ecosystem function, there are few interdisciplinary studies that incorporate ecological knowledge into sustainable land management practices. Conventional, high fossil-fuel input-based agricultural systems can reduce soil biodiversity, alter soil community structure and nutrient cycling, and lead to greater dependence on energy-intensive practices. Microbial Ecology in Sustainable Agroecosystems brings together soil ecologists, microbial ecologists, and agroecologists working globally to demonstrate how research in soil ecology can contribute to the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems. The book...
Biodiversity In Agricultural Production Systems
While modern science has always recognized the central role that biodiversity plays in the ecological processes that maintain the Earth's equilibrium, our increasing knowledge of nature has deepened our appreciation of this principle. Consequently, those involved with implementing and maintaining sustainable agriculture systems have begun to take a far more sophisticated approach to understanding and making use of the components and mechanics of biodiversity. Providing a comprehensive and highly practical exploration of the subject, Biodiversity in Agricultural Production Systems examines abiotic ecosystem diversity and biological complexity at every relevant level. Leading researchers detai...
