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A theoretical model was developed for the purpose of predicting the motion of objects translated by winds associated with 'classical' blast waves produced by explosions. Among the factors omitted from the model for the sake of simplicity were gravity and the friction that may occur between the displaced object and the surface upon which it initially rested. Numerical solutions were obtained (up to the time when maximum missile velocity occurs) in terms of dimensionless quantities to facilitate application to specific blast situations. The results were computed within arbitrarily chosen limits for blast waves with shock strengths from 0.068 to 1.7 atm (1 to 25 psi at sea level) for displaced objects with aerodynamic characteristics ranging from those of a human being to those of 10-mg stones and for weapon yields at least as small as 1 kt or as large as 20 Mt.
The changes in pulmonary function that result following unilateral exposure to LD50 doses of neutron-gamma irradiation and/or sublethal blast overpressures were investigated in sheep. Animals exposed to blast-only and radiation-plus-blast demonstrated large increments in venous admixture on the day of insult followed by a major recovery toward baseline values during the first 24 hours following injury. The venous admixture of the blast-only animals approached baseline 7 days after exposure but that of the radiation-plus-blast sheep did not return to baseline until 21 days. The sheep exposed to radiation-only, blast-only, and radiation-plus-blast sustained similar reduction in means carbon mo...
Historians have long been interested in knowledge—its nature and origin, and the circumstances under which it was created—but it has only been in recent years that the history of knowledge has emerged as an academic field in its own right. In Circulation of Knowledge, a group of Nordic scholars explore a range of theoretical and methodological approaches to this new and exciting area of historical research. The question of knowledge in motion is central to their investigations, and especially how knowledge is transformed when it circulates between different societal arenas, literary genres, or forms of media. Reflecting on twelve empirical studies, from sixteenth-century cartography to sexology in the 1970s, the authors make a significant contribution to the growing international research on the history of knowledge. newhistoryofknowledge.com
During the 1955 and 1957 Test Operations at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), masses and velocities were determined for more than 20,000 objects, such as glass fragments from windows, stones, steel fragments, and spheres, which were energized by blast winds resulting from nuclear explosions. Following the field tests, a mathematical model was devised to help explain quantitatively the experimental results. This model required certain aerodynamic-drag information in regard to the displaced objects. It was the purpose of the study outlined in this report to determine the necessary drag properties for the objects by means of drop tests. In addition to the objects mentioned above, small laboratory animals, mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, were used in the drop tests.