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This breathtakingly moving book documents the remarkable continuity of religious life under the horrendous conditions of Nazi-occupied Lithuania. The Jews of the Kovno ghetto went to Rabbi Ephraim Oshry, one of the remaining religious authorities in the ghetto, and posed their questions to him. He answered their questions and recorded each and every query by copying it onto scraps that he tore off of cement sacks. He then buried these scraps of papers in cans in the soil around the ghetto. This book brings to light these unearthed questions and answers, and bears witness to the power of faith to survive in the most dire of circumstances.
Pt. 1 (pp. 1-173), "The Kovno Ghetto, 1941-1944", is a history and memoir by Oshry, a former student at the Slobodka Yeshiva. Figured prominently are many great Torah scholars, as well as simple Jews (including children) whose spiritual resistance to the Nazis included devotion to religious practice to the point of martyrdom. Oshry, a rabbi, survived until liberation in a hidden bunker for 38 days. Pt. 2 (pp. 178-291), "The Annihilation of Lithuanian Jewry: The Cities and Towns of Jewish Lithuania", provides short histories of 47 communities, with a focus on their outstanding religious personalities and institutions, and an account of the destruction of each of these communities and almost all of their inhabitants during the Holocaust.
After interviewing a Holocaust survivor who took clandestine photographs of the Kovno Ghetto at great risk, a graduate student stumbles over a diary chronicling the same time and place during Nazi occupation. She soon discovers that photographer, George Kaddish is one of only two known Jewish photographers who recorded ghetto life, but most importantly she learns that hope and humanity still exist.
The tractate Keritot of the Babylonian Talmud belongs to the Order of Qodashim in the Mishnah. It discusses the Temple and its rituals, especially sacrifices, but deals mostly with laws of incest, sexual transgressions, childbirth, and miscarriages. In this commentary, Federico Dal Bo provides a historical, philological and philosophical investigation on these gender issues. He discusses almost the entire tractate, referring to many other sources, Jewish (the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Sifra, and other rabbinic texts) as well as non-Jewish (Akkadian, Hittite, and Ugaritic). The author also provides accurate philological observations both on the Mishnah and the Gemara. Finally, he addresses gender issues by combining a reductionistic approach to Talmudic study (the so called "Brisker method") with philosophical deconstruction. Dal Bo shows that in nearly the entire tractate Keritot the rabbis discuss human sexuality in a tendentious and restrictive way, claiming that heterosexuality is the only proper sexual contact and progressively stigmatizing any other kind of sexual behavior.
Examines responses to the Holocaust of hasidic leaders and their followers during the war years in Europe. Discovers a correlation between these responses and fundamental hasidic tenets dealing with God's relationship to man and to the Jewish people, redemption and the messianic era, Kiddush Hashem and Kiddush ha-Hayyim, the hasidic fraternal bond, and the relationship between the hasid and the zadik or rebbe. Hasidism offered a system of concepts that could be used to interpret the Holocaust, and provided a social framework and leadership to articulate these concepts. These may have served as shock absorbers for the hasidim facing the trauma of Holocaust events.
Teaching about the Holocaust is necessarily an act of shaping memory, of forging the consciousness students have. Teaching the Holocaust is written to help teachers help their students to define their understandings of this difficult period in our history.