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Electrical Characterisation of Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors based on Ferroelectric HfO2 Thin Films
Ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) memories based on a new type of ferroelectric material (silicon doped hafnium oxide) were studied within the scope of the present work. Utilisation of silicon doped hafnium oxide (Si:HfO2 thin films instead of conventional perovskite ferroelectrics as a functional layer in FeFETs provides compatibility to the CMOS process as well as improved device scalability. The influence of different process parameters on the properties of Si:HfO2 thin films was analysed in order to gain better insight into the occurrence of ferroelectricity in this system. A subsequent examination of the potential of this material as well as its possible limitations with the respect to the application in non-volatile memories followed. The Si:HfO2-based ferroelectric transistors that were fully integrated into the state-of-the-art high-k metal gate CMOS technology were studied in this work for the first time. The memory performance of these devices scaled down to 28 nm gate length was investigated. Special attention was paid to the charge trapping phenomenon shown to significantly affect the device behaviour.
Development of HfO2-Based Ferroelectric Memories for Future CMOS Technology Nodes
This thesis evaluates the viability of ferroelectric Si:HfO2 and its derived FeFET application for non-volatile data storage. At the beginning, the ferroelectric effect is explained briefly such that the applications that make use of it can be understood. Afterwards, the latest findings on ferroelectric HfO2 are reviewed and their potential impact on future applications is discussed. Experimental data is presented afterwards focusing on the ferroelectric material characteristics of Si:HfO2 that are most relevant for memory applications. Besides others, the stability of the ferroelectric switching effect could be demonstrated in a temperature range of almost 400 K. Moreover, nanosecond switch...
Formation of Ferroelectricity in Hafnium Oxide Based Thin Films
In 2011, Böscke et al. reported the unexpected discovery of ferroelectric properties in hafnia based thin films, which has since initiated many further studies and revitalized research on the topic of ferroelectric memories. In spite of many efforts, the unveiling of the fundamentals behind this surprising discovery has proven rather challenging. In this work, the originally claimed Pca21 phase is experimentally proven to be the root of the ferroelectric properties and the nature of this ferroelectricity is classified in the frame of existing concepts of ferroelectric materials. Parameters to stabilize this polar phase are examined from a theoretical and fabrication point of view. With thes...
Herstellung ultra-dünner hoch-εr Oxide und deren Verhalten unter dynamischen elektrischen Stressbedingungen
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden HfO2 und ZrO2 basierte hoch-εr Materialsysteme mit ihrer jeweiligen Anwendung als Gateoxid bzw. DRAM Isolalationsschicht untersucht. Es werden alternative dielektrische Schichten für Speicherkondensatoren diskutiert und Alternativen zum ZrO2/Al2O3/ZrO2 (ZAZ) Schichtstapel untersucht. Neben ZAZ, wurden Schichtstapel mit SrO oder Sc2O3 Zwischenschicht abgeschieden und strukturell und elektrisch charakterisiert. Weiterhin wurden die abgeschiedenen Schichten hinsichtlich ihres dielektrischen Absorptionsverhalten sowie ihres Durchbruchsverhalten geprüft und verglichen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt ist das statische und dynamische Verhalten des zeitabhängigen dielekt...
Cultural and Political Imaginaries in Putin’s Russia
In Cultural and Political Imaginaries in Putin’s Russia scholars scrutinise developments in official symbolical, cultural and social policies as well as the contradictory trajectories of important cultural, social and intellectual trends in Russian society after the year 2000. Engaging experts on Russia from several academic fields, the book offers case studies on the vicissitudes of cultural policies, political ideologies and imperial visions, on memory politics on the grassroot as well as official levels, and on the links between political and national imaginaries and popular culture in fields as diverse as fashion design and pro-natalist advertising. Contributors are Niklas Bernsand, Lena Jonson, Ekaterina Kalinina, Natalija Majsova, Olga Malinova, Alena Minchenia, Elena Morenkova-Perrier, Elena Rakhimova-Sommers, Andrei Rogatchevski, Tomas Sniegon, Igor Torbakov, Barbara Törnquist-Plewa, and Yuliya Yurchuk.
Memory and Religion from a Postsecular Perspective
The book argues that religion is a system of significant meanings that have an impact on other systems and spheres of social life, including cultural memory. The editors call for a postsecular turn in memory studies which would provide a more reflective and meaningful approach to the constant interplay between the religious and the secular. This opens up new perspectives on the intersection of memory and religion and helps memory scholars become more aware of the religious roots of the language they are using in their studies of memory. By drawing on examples from different parts of the world, the contributors to this volume explain how the interactions between the religious and the secular ...
On the Right to Emigrate for Religious Reasons
This document looks at the plight of the 10,000 Soviet Christians who decided they had no choice but to emigrate from the USSR on the grounds of religious freedom.
The Political Cult of the Dead in Ukraine
The Ukrainian Euromaidan in 2013–14 and the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war in the Eastern part of the country have posed new questions to historians. The volume investigates the relevance of the cults of the fallen soldiers to Ukraine's national history and state. It places the dead of the Euromaidan and the forms and functions of the emerging new cult of the dead in the context of older cults from pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet times from various Ukrainian regions until the end of the presidency of Petro Poroshenko in 2019. The contributions emphasize the importance of the grassroot level, of local and regional actors or memory entrepreneurs, myths of state origin and national defense demanding unity, and the dynamics of commemorative practices in the last thirty years in relation to pluralist and fragmented processes of nationand state-building. They contribute to new conceptualizations of the political cult of the dead.
De-Commemoration
In the wake of recent protests against police violence and racism, calls to dismantle problematic memorials have reverberated around the globe. This is not a new phenomenon, however, nor is it limited to the Western world. De-Commemoration focuses on the concept of de-commemoration as it relates to remembrance. Drawing on research from experts on memory dynamics across various disciplines, this extensive collection seeks to make sense of the current state of de-commemoration as it transforms contemporary societies around the world.
At the Edge of the Nation
Debates over the remote and beguiling Southern Kuril Islands have revealed a kaleidoscope of divergent and contradictory ideas, convictions, and beliefs on what constitutes the “national” identity of post-Soviet Russia. Forming part of an archipelago stretching from Kamchatka to Hokkaido, administered by Russia but claimed by Japan, these disputed islands offer new perspectives on the ways in which territorial visions of the nation are refracted, inverted, and remade in a myriad of different ways. At the Edge of the Nation provides a unique account of how the Southern Kurils have shaped the parameters of the Russian state and framed debates on the politics of identity in the post-Soviet ...
