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Early Indicators of Cognitive Decline, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Related Dementias Captured by Neurophysiological Tools
Major neurocognitive disorders are one of the leading causes of disability and dependency among the elderly worldwide. Notably, their far-reaching impact extends beyond the estimated 50 million people currently living with a major neurocognitive disorder. As the conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progresses, patients’ symptoms (e.g., memory loss, severe impairments in thinking and behavior) place a heavy toll on their caregivers, family, and friends, who face emotional frustration, coupled with great financial stress. Furthermore, in terms of global cost estimation, the World Health Organization predicted that by 2030, the treatment of patients with AD and other forms of acquired cognitive impairment will cost the healthcare system US$1.7 trillion (or US$2.8 trillion, if corrected for the increase in care costs).
Retinal Ganglion Cells
This collection provides methods and techniques employed when culturing, manipulating, quantifying, and functionally assessing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), vital for better understanding various ocular diseases and for developing novel therapies. The book features exhaustive and detailed protocols for the study of RGCs at both the in vitro and in vivo level, including the culture of rodent and human cells, and immunohistochemical, morphological, and functional assessments of various in vivo models of RGC death. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Retinal Ganglion Cells: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to these important cellular features of the central nervous system and the many traumatic and degenerative blinding diseases that affect them.
Optic Nerve
The optic nerve is a primary reference for those ophthalmologists and researchers interested in its anatomy and physiology, in the most recent diagnostic techniques, as well as in the clinical management of optic nerve disorders. The book provides a detailed description of the structure and functioning of the optic nerve and attempts at clarifying how anomalies in its development are related with tumor development. The book surveys the most recent diagnostic techniques, such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and highlights how these techniques can be employed to evaluate optic nerve layers as well as lesions compressing the visual pathway. Practical references to optic nerve drusen and the changes in the optic nerve due to diabetic retinopathy are also presented. The book is written in a concise fashion and aims at being a major reference to a broad audience, including students, ophthalmologist consultants, neurologists, researchers, and surgeons concerned with optic nerve diseases.
Neuroimaging Biomarkers and Cognition in Alzheimer’s disease Spectrum
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) with self-reported concerns and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are well-established to be at increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and a clinical continuum of dementia progression as a spectrum of AD. AD may develop from SCD to MCI (early MCI and late MCI) and eventually to AD. Nevertheless, until recently little was known about their pathophysiology associated with cognitive-behavioral syndrome. Although for researchers, scientists and clinicians, the pathophysiology of AD spectrum is an intriguing issue, delineating it in a clear way is far from easy. Taken together, in-depth understanding of neuroimaging-based pathology behind...
Microglial Polarization in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the shared prominent hallmarks among various forms of neurodegeneration. Depending on the milieu in which microglia become activated, the polarization of microglia shows to be heterogeneous with diverse functional phenotypes that range from pro-inflammatory phenotypes to immunosuppressive phenotypes. Therefore, targeting microglial polarization holds great promise for the treatment of neurodegeneration. This eBook focuses on the potential mechanisms of microglial polarization that are critically associated with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sc...
Animal Models and Experimental Research in Medicine
The use of experimental animals is quite common in medical research, especially for pharmaceutical developments and molecular pathway studies. Considering the effects of therapeutic agents used in the treatment of tissues and systems, it becomes clear how important experimental animals and the models developed on them are in research. The benefits of using animals for disease models include accessibility, applicability, and affordability. Most importantly, they have proven to be successful in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of animal models for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hepatotoxicity, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, visceral hyperalgesia, female reproduction, and more.
Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing
The two-volume set LNAI 13588 and 13589 constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing, ICAISC 2022, held in Zakopane, Poland, during June 19–23, 2022. The 69 revised full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 161 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Volume I: Neural networks and their applications; fuzzy systems and their applications; evolutionary algorithms and their applications; pattern classification; artificial intelligence in modeling and simulation. Volume II: Computer vision, image and speech analysis; data mining; various problems of artificial intelligence; bioinformatics, biometrics and medical applications.
Phytomedicine
This compendium on tested and approved medicinal plant drugs and potential for new drugs from plants based on ethno pharmacological and anecdotal reports is a collection of critical information on the biology, chemistry and brief descriptions of the known and potential medicinal values of plants. This book is a storehouse of information on medicinal plants collected from many sources in readable language that will be useful for laymen, students, academics, drug developers, drug formulators and businesses interested in alternative and holistic medicine. This book also helps the readers to understand the basics of the biology of Cancer, Cardiovascular, Urinogenital, Ear Nose and throat, Eye, Brain and central nervous system, dermal, microbial and the interrelations of these human anatomical systems. This book will serve as a guide, a reference and source book and a good book for all who are interested in knowing the why and how of Phytomedicine : Herbal medicine and the opportunities that exist to find new ways of dealing with health issues.
Update on Dementia
The dementia challenge is the largest health effort of the times we live in. The whole society has to move to a realization of the significance of prioritization to make an attempt in the direction of mental health promotion and dementia risk reduction. New priorities for research are needed to go far beyond the usual goal of constructing a disease course-modifying medication. Moreover, a full empowerment and engagement of men and women living with dementia and their caregivers, overcoming stigma and discrimination should be promoted. The common efforts and the final aim will have to be the progress of a ''dementia-constructive'' world, where people with dementia can take advantage of equal opportunities.
