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Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho?)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)
Sponges usually obtain their distinct shape and structure by arrangement of mineral or organic skeletal elements (spicules, ?bers). A small group, although provided with spicules, nevertheless is incapable of developing recognizable shapes because the type of structural spicules they have (equal-length four-rayed siliceous elements called calthrops) preclude the possibility of building a cohesive skeleton. Such sponges insinuate themselves in crevices and holes, diminishing the chance of their discovery and collection. The study addresses the taxonomy and biodiversity of two globally distributed genera of these sponges, Dercitus and Calthropella, including the description of ten new species (of 38 species so far documented). The two genera appear similar in spiculation, but they differ in the types of small spicules (microscleres). This induces a discussion of their phylogeny and classi? cation: are they closely related or is it convergent evolution? No proposals are made for a rearranged classi? cation pending independent evidence from molecular studies.
Systema Porifera
Research whilst compiling this book has uncovered a fauna about twice the size as that previously published in the literature and consequently Systema Porifera revises and stabilizes the systematics of the phylum to accommodate this new knowledge in a contemporary framework. Practical tools (key illustrations, descriptions of character) are provided to facilitate the assignment of approximately 680 extant and 100 fossil genera. Systema Porifera is unique making sponge taxonomy widely available at the practical level of classification (genera, families, order). It is a taxonomic revision of sponges and spongiomorphis (such as sphinctozoans and archaeocyathans) based on re-evaluation of type m...
Milutin Milankovitch Anniversary Symposium
Serbia and Montenegro.
