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Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.
Pacific Enewetak Atoll Crater Exploration (PEACE) Program, Enewetak Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
The Pacific Enewetak Atoll Crater Exploration (PEACE) Program was established to resolve a number of questions for the Department of Defense (DOD) about the geologic and material-properties parameters of two craters (KOA and OAK), formed by near-surface bursts of high-yield thermonuclear devices on the northern margin of Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, in 1958. The multidisciplinary studies conducted by the USGS in collaboration with other organizations during 1984 through 1987 wer part of a much larger research initiative by the DNA to better understand the dynamic properties of strategic-scale nuclear bursts and the relevance of the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG) craters to issues of strategic basing and targeting of nuclear weapons. Major topics include: Borehole gravity; Palentologic evidence for mixing; Electron paramagnetic resonance studies; Bathymetric studies of OAK crater; Constraints on densification and piping for OAK; and Additional studies of geologic crater models. Keywords: Nuclear explosion testing; Cratering; Ocean bottom; Stratigraphy; Atolls; Surface burst; Barges; Borehole gravimetry; Sedimentary mixing. (EDC).
Pacific Enewetak Atoll Crater Exploration (PEACE) Program Enewetak Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
The purpose of the PEACE Program was to provide highly credible, multidisciplinary set of geologic, geophysical, and material-properties data in order to identify crater dimensions and features for two high-yield nuclear craters and to better understand the dynamic processes that initially formed these craters and that subsequently modified them. These data are essential to the Department of Defense to better understand the survivability of strategic defense systems in the event of a nuclear attack. Physical Stratigraphic Framework; Sr-Isotope Framework; Mineralogy; Organic Content; Insoluble Residues; Downhole Geophysical Logs; Borehole gravity Surveys; Seismic Reference Surveys; Benthic Samples; Additional Paleontologic Studies; Radiation Chemistry ; Additional Sea-Floor Observations; Crater Interpretation.
Subsurface Geology of Eniwetok Atoll
A study of limestone and dolomite recovered during deep drilling on Eniwetok.
Nuclear Test Environment
Nuclear test Environment. Marshall Islands: Bikini Atoll, Enewetak Atoll, Rongelap Atoll, Utrōk Atoll. The United States Department of Energy has recently implemented a series of strategic initiatives to address long-term radiological surveillance needs at former U.S. nuclear test sites in the Marshall Islands. The plan is to engage local atoll communities in developing shared responsibilities for implementing radiation surveillance monitoring programs for resettled and resettling populations in the northern Marshall Islands.
Bombs over Bikini
In 1946, as part of the Cold War arms race, the US military launched a program to test nuclear bombs in the Marshall Islands of the Pacific Ocean. From 1946 until 1958, the military detonated sixty-seven nuclear bombs over the region's Bikini and Enewetak Atolls. The twelfth bomb, called Bravo, became the world's first nuclear disaster. It sent a toxic cloud of radiation over Rongelap Atoll and other nearby inhabited islands. The testing was intended to advance scientific knowledge about nuclear bombs and radiation, but it had much more far-reaching effects. Some of the islanders suffered burns, cancers, birth defects, and other medical tragedies as a result of radiation poisoning. Many of t...
Echinoderms
This book is an outcome of the European colloquium on Echinoderms held at Brussels in 1979. It is divided into three major sections: paleontology, skeletal structures, and systematics and zoogeography. The book is useful for zoologists, scientists in zoology, and academics.
The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll
This comprehensive study of the natural history of Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands is a treasure trove of information on the flora and fauna of this unique ecosystem. With contributions from dozens of experts in various fields, V.2 covers the geology, botany, invertebrates, and fishes of the atoll in detail, as well as providing a glimpse into its cultural history. This volume is an essential resource for ecologists, conservation biologists, and anyone interested in the biodiversity of the Pacific islands. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
