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The Second Life of Natural Killer (NK) Cells
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 118

The Second Life of Natural Killer (NK) Cells

Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes, now recognized as members of a larger family of “Innate lymphoid cells” (ILCs). Both murine and human NK cells are well characterized effector cells with cytotoxic as well as cytokine production ability which mainly react in response to microbial and cell stress stimuli, thus playing a central role in the defense against pathogen infection, in tumor surveillance and in regulating immune homeostasis. Despite these established concepts, our understanding of the complexity of NK cells, also in view of their developmental and functional relationship with other ILC subsets, is only recently emerging. This Research Topic highlights the recent advances in NK cell (and ILC) research in human and mouse from basic research to clinical applications.

NK Cell Subsets in Health and Disease: New Developments
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 245

NK Cell Subsets in Health and Disease: New Developments

Natural Killer (NK) cells were discovered ca 1975, as the first group of lymphoid cells that were neither T cells nor B cells. Since then, the dissection of the biology of NK cells has been growing exponentially with many seminal discoveries from the identification of MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors to the discovery of receptor-ligand pairs involved in NK cell activation and to the manipulation of NK cells in cancer. In this research topic, we asked a group of thought leaders in NK cell biology to review recent advances in their origins and biology, and their roles in cancer, infection and inflammation. Together, these 25 articles provide a timely survey of NK cells as critical immunologic components of health and disease. They will hopefully prompt further dialogue and developments in basic and translational immunology.

Natural Killer Cells in Tissue Compartments
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 256

Natural Killer Cells in Tissue Compartments

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Specificity, Function, and Development of NK Cells
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 250

Specificity, Function, and Development of NK Cells

Our understanding of the function of natural killer (NK) cells has dramatically changed in recent years. The discovery of NK receptors specific for MHC class I molecules, and the study of the role of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules have led to an understanding of how NK cells recognize tumor and virally infected cells that have lost expression of MHC class I molecules or have altered distribution of normal cell surface molecules. Such recognition events lead to intracellular signals which can be either stimulatory or inhibitory. This book provides an insight into how NK cells develop, how they learn to distinguish altered cells from normal cells, and into their biological role in controlling infections and tumors.

Chemometrics-based Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 177

Chemometrics-based Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

Chemometrics is the application of mathematics and statistics to chemical data in order to design or select optimal experimental procedures, to provide maximum relevant information, and to obtain knowledge about systems under study. This chemical discipline has constantly developed to become a mature field of Analytical Chemistry after its inception in the 1970s. The utility and versatility of chemometric techniques enable spectroscopists to perform multidimensional classification and/or calibration of spectral data that make identification and quantification of analytes in complex mixtures possible.Wavelets are mathematical functions that cut up data into different frequency components, and...

CAR-T Cell Therapies for Non-Hematopoietic Malignancies: Taking Off The Training Wheels
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 164

CAR-T Cell Therapies for Non-Hematopoietic Malignancies: Taking Off The Training Wheels

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies for leukemia (e.g. tisagenlecleucel) and lymphoma (e.g. axicabtagene ciloleucel) have recently received regulatory approval in the United States. Phase I/II trials have demonstrated complete remission of refractory or relapsed tumors in 50% - 94% patients. However, the clinical successes of engineered T cells for the treatment of solid malignancies have thus far been few and far between. Furthermore, several instances of severe and lethal toxicities have arisen due to on-target, off-tumor recognition of antigen by T cell products. Recent advances in phase I trials for solid tumors, as well as in pre-clinical models, have revealed several varia...

The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Mucosal Immunity
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 191

The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Mucosal Immunity

We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the InternationalUnion of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS hashad no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that allaspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policyor opinion of the IUIS.

Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cancer: Friends or Foes?
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 129
Inhibitory Receptors and Pathways of Lymphocytes
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 147

Inhibitory Receptors and Pathways of Lymphocytes

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Major Companies of Europe 1993/94
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 1104

Major Companies of Europe 1993/94

Guide to the Volumes 1 & 2 MAJOR COMPANIES OF EUROPE 1993/94, Volume 1, arrangement of the book contains useful information on over 4000 of the top companies in the European Community, excluding the UK, over 1100 This book has been arranged in order to allow the reader to companies of which are covered in Volume 2. Volume 3 covers find any entry rapidly and accurately. over 1300 of the top companies within Western Europe but outside the European Community. Altogether the three Company entries are listed alphabetically within each country volumes of MAJOR COMPANIES OF EUROPE now provide in section; in addition three indexes are provided in Volumes 1 authoritative detail, vital information on ...