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O Manual de Epicteto
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Manual de Epicteto Filosofo (1785)
This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.
As Diatribes de Epicteto, livro I
Epicteto, filósofo estoico do século 1 EC, foi escravo de Epafrodito, um secretário imperial de Nero e Domiciano. Apesar de sua condição, pôde frequentar as aulas de Musônio Rufo. Mais tarde, após ser liberto, fundou uma escola em Roma, que não perdurou por muito tempo, pois Domiciano expulsou os filósofos da cidade em 89 EC. Epicteto foi, então, para Nicópolis, onde fundou outra escola estoica, contando com muitos alunos, entre eles importantes figuras do Império Romano. Tal como Sócrates, Epicteto nada escreveu. Sua filosofia chegou até nós por intermédio das anotações de seu discípulo Lúcio Flávio Arriano Xenofonte, que registrou os ensinamentos de Epicteto em oito livros, quatro dos quais foram perdidos, que compunham as Diatribes de Epicteto. A obra é prefaciada por uma carta de Arriano a certo Lúcio Gélio, na qual Arriano afirma não serem as Diatribes senão transcrições das aulas de Epicteto. Essa é a razão pela qual a obra é atribuída desde a Antiguidade a Epicteto.
The Discourses of Epictetus
The Discourses of Epictetus Epictetus - The books did not have a formal title in ancient times. Although Simplicius called them Diatribai other writers gave them titles such as Dialexis , and Homiliai . The modern name comes from the titles given in the earliest medieval manuscript: "Arrian's Diatribai of Epictetus" . The Greek word Diatribai literally means "informal talks".As to the date, it is generally agreed that the Discourses were composed sometime in the years around 108 AD. Epictetus himself refers to the coins of Trajan, which shows he was teaching during that reign. Arrian was suffect consul in around 130, and since forty-two was the standard age for that position, he would have been at the right age of around twenty in 108. Furthermore the "commissioner" of the "free cities" to whom Discourse iii. 7 is addressed is thought to be the same man Pliny the Younger addresses his Letter viii. 24a letter which has been dated to around 108.
Manual de Epicteto
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The Golden Sayings of Epictetus
The Golden Sayings of Epictetus Epictetus - How then do men act?"The Golden Sayings of Epictetus is one of three key texts, along with the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius and Seneca's Letters From A Stoic, from which we know the philosophy of Stoicism.Epictetus (ca. 50-ca. 130 AD) primarily taught about the philosophy of happiness and virtue. To Epictetus, external happenings were determined by fate, and were therefore beyond human control. He believed that people could accept whatever happened to them in a calm and unemotional manner if they recognized that certain things were not under their control. Even though fate played a role in events, Epictetus still believed that individuals were responsible for their own actions.Although he was born into slavery and endured a permanent physical disability, Epictetus maintained that all people are free to control their lives and to live in harmony with nature. We will always be happy, he argued, if we learn to desire that things should be exactly as they are.
The Complete Works
The complete surviving works of Epictetus, the most influential Stoic philosopher from antiquity. “Some things are up to us and some are not.” Epictetus was born into slavery around the year 50 CE, and, upon being granted his freedom, he set himself up as a philosophy teacher. After being expelled from Rome, he spent the rest of his life living and teaching in Greece. He is now considered the most important exponent of Stoicism, and his surviving work comprises a series of impassioned discourses, delivered live and recorded by his student Arrian, and the Handbook, Arrian’s own take on the heart of Epictetus’s teaching. In Discourses, Epictetus argues that happiness depends on knowing...
Christianity in Roman Scythia
At present, there is no scholarly consensus on the ecclesiastical organization in the Roman province of Scythia (4th-7th centuries). This volume proposes a new interpretation of some of the historical evidence concerning the evolution of the see of Tomi: a great metropolis, first with suffragan bishoprics outside Roman Scythia and then inside it, and later an autocephalous archbishopric. Though there are also many unclear aspects regarding the evolution of monastic life in the province, this book reveals that, in contrast with the development of the monastic infrastructure in Roman Scythia, a spiritual decline began in the mid-5th century.
