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This book demonstrates how a local elite built upon colonial knowledge to produce a vernacular knowledge that maintained the older legacy of a pluralistic Sufism. As the British reprinted a Sufi work, Shah Abd al-Latif Bhittai's Shah jo risalo, in an effort to teach British officers Sindhi, the local intelligentsia, particularly driven by a Hindu caste of professional scribes (the Amils), seized on the moment to promote a transformation from traditional and popular Sufism (the tasawuf) to a Sufi culture (Sufiyani saqafat). Using modern tools, such as the printing press, and borrowing European vocabulary and ideology, such as Theosophical Society, the intelligentsia used Sufism as an idiomatic matrix that functioned to incorporate difference and a multitude of devotional traditions—Sufi, non-Sufi, and non-Muslim—into a complex, metaphysical spirituality that transcended the nation-state and filled the intellectual, spiritual, and emotional voids of postmodernity.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1877.
Mystic Melodies is an English interpretation of a magnum opus of passionate, didactic and epic odes and hymns renditioned by an eighteenth-century polyglot poet, philosopher and musicologist, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. The laïque lyrics define metaphysical precepts with the help of mundane metaphors and also illustrate the ethos of the Spartan queens of Sindhi folklore, ascetics, peasants, sailors, fishermen, spinners and bards. Bhittai's passionate poetry constitutes a spiritual voyage through the pastures, prairies, deserts, hills, harbours, and hamlets of the Indus valley civilization.
Examines the world's greatest literature about empires and imperialism, including more than 200 entries on writers, classic works, themes, and concepts.
Annemarie Schimmel has written extensively on India, Islam and poetry. In this comprehensive study she presents an overview of the cultural, economic, militaristic and artistic attributes of the great Mughal Empire from 1526 to 1857.