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This book highlights the basics of crystal optics methods and refractive index (RI) measurement techniques in various solids, as well as their scientific and technological applications. In addition to new techniques for cases when traditional techniques are impractical, such as for highly refracting powders, anomalous dispersion of light in the studied solid, or for colloids, it also describes conventional methods of RI measurement.
This book (Nanomaterials: Science and Technology) includes11 chapters cover an introduction, methods of preparation, characterization techniques, physical properties, and applications of nanomaterials for students of faculty of Science, engineers, and researchers. The first chapter covers a brief introduction, definition, classification, and properties of nanomaterials. Chapter two focused on the trends of synthesis routes of nanomaterials using various chemical and physical methods. Chapter three presents the latest techniques used in the characterization of different types of nanomaterials. Optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, and thermal properties of nanomaterials are explained in chapters four to nine. Chapter nine present an overview of the introduction, structure, properties, production, and applications of carbon nanotubes. Introduction, preparation, application, advantages and disadvantages and future applications in different fields of nano-biomaterials are mentioned in chapter ten. The last chapter highlights the advantages and disadvantages, applications of nanomaterials and their impacts on the environment.
يستهدف هذا الكتاب الطلاب المتخصصين في الفيزياء والكيمياء والأحياء والهندسة والزراعة والطب وفي المجالات المتعلقة، مثل الفيزياء الحيوية والهندسة الحيوية. يعتبر هذا الكتاب مرجعا لمقرر المواد النانومترية لطلاب السنوات النهائية من مرحلة البكالوريوس والدراسات العليا في مجال علوم المواد. يتضمن هذا الكتاب 12 باب تغطي طرق تحضير وتوصيف واستخدامات المواد النانومترية. يقدم الباب الأول مقد...
Written in a conversational style that transforms complex ideas into accessible ones, this international best-seller provides an interdisciplinary review of the theories and research in cross‐cultural psychology. The book’s unique critical thinking framework, including Critical Thinking boxes, helps to develop analytical skills. Exercises interspersed throughout promote active learning and encourage class discussion. Case in Point sections review controversial issues and opinions about behavior in different cultural contexts. Cross‐Cultural Sensitivity boxes underscore the importance of empathy in communication. Numerous applications better prepare students for working in various multi...
This proceedings book presents a comprehensive view of “smart” technologies and perspectives of their application in various areas of economic activity. The authors of the book combined the results of the cutting-edge research on the topic of “smart” technologies in the digital economy and Industry 4.0 and developed a unified scientific concept. The current experience has been considered, and the prospects for the application of “smart” technologies in society to promote social advance have been identified. “Smart” technologies in public administration and law, as well as the experience in development of e-government, have been examined. “Smart” technologies in business a...
This book is based on the lectures and contributions of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Security and Protection Against CBRN Threats” held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, September 2019. It gives a broad overview on this topic as it combines articles addressing the preparation and characterization of different nanoscaled materials (metals, oxides, glasses, polymers, carbon-based, etc.) in the form of nanowires, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanodots, thin films, etc. and contributions on their applications in diverse security and safety related fields. In addition, it presents an interdisciplinary approach drawing on the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology know-how of authors from Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, Materials Science and Biology. A further plus-point of the book, which represents the knowledge of experts from over 20 countries, is the combination of longer papers introducing the background on a certain topic, and brief contributions highlighting specific applications in different security areas.
Law, crime, and justice are among the most salient issues in any country. This is especially true for a transitional nation like Russia that is facing tremendous social, political, and economic changes, many of which create conditions conducive to crime. These ongoing changes have had profound effects on every major social institution in the country, and the transition from totalitarianism and a command economy toward rule of law and a free market is resulting in shifts in fundamental cultural values. In this environment, governmental agencies are often left without a clear mission, especially given their sometimes dubious roles during the Soviet era, and are rarely provided with the resourc...
A concise description of models and quantitative parameters in structural chemistry and their interrelations, with 280 tables and >3000 references giving the most up-to-date experimental data on energy characteristics of atoms, molecules and crystals (ionisation potentials, electron affinities, bond energies, heats of phase transitions, band and lattice energies), optical properties (refractive index, polarisability), spectroscopic characteristics and geometrical parameters (bond distances and angles, coordination numbers) of substances in gaseous, liquid and solid states, in glasses and melts, for various thermodynamic conditions. Systems of metallic, covalent, ionic and van der Waals radii, effective atomic charges and other empirical and semi-empirical models are critically revised. Special attention is given to new and growing areas: structural studies of solids under high pressures and van der Waals molecules in gases. The book is addressed to researchers, academics, postgraduates and advanced-course students in crystallography, materials science, physical chemistry of solids.
The U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences convened a joint workshop to identify methods of overcoming impediments to cooperation between the United States and Russia on nonproliferation. The workshop emphasized approaches and techniques that have already been shown to work in U.S.-Russian programs and that might be applied in other areas. The workshop was intended to facilitate frank discussion between individuals in the United States and Russia who have some responsibility for cooperative nonproliferation programs in the hope of identifying both the impediments to cooperation and potential methods of addressing them. This report summarizes the discussions at the workshop.