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The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the Marine Conservation Biology Institute (MCBI) present the full text of the report entitled "Turning up the Heat: How Global Warming Threatens Life in the Sea," written by Amy Mathews-Amos and Ewann A. Berntson. Scientific evidence suggests that marine species and ecosystems are already affected by global climate change. The consequences of global warming on marine life include the fact that some organisms cannot survive in warmer waters, while others may shift their distribution poleward.
"This thesis is an extensive investigation of the behavioral and ecological relationships between spawning reef fishes, their predators, and various environmental parameters at spawning aggregation sites. Underwater observations of spawning activities by eleven reef fish species and the hunting behaviors of both piscivorous and planktivorous predators were made at Johnston Atoll (Central Pacific). The spawning of reef fishes was typically correlated with local changes in current direction and predatory risks in daytime-spawning species, showing responses designed to reduce the mortality of propagules and adults. Dusk-spawning species generally did not respond to changes in flow direction or ...
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Odontocetes are assumed to use echolocation for navigation and foraging, but neither of these uses of biosonar has been conclusively demonstrated in free-ranging animals. A new observation platform combining underwater acoustic recording and a remote controlled video camera suspended from a tethered airship allowed me to describe previously unreported foraging behaviors and elucidate functions for behaviors already defined but poorly understood. A single-step transition analysis beginning with prey capture and receding in time identified significant links between observed behaviors and prey capture. Ecological factors affecting the occurrence of specific behaviors and behavioral transitions ...
Particle flux in the ocean is a major segment linking terrestrial, meteorological and surface ocean processes with those operating in the deep sea. This book describes how wind speeds and dust fallout over the oceans, volcanic eruptions and freshwater and suspended matter inputs from rivers influence material flux to the ocean's interior and its variability. It explores the potential use of deep ocean particle flux studies to record and monitor climatic and environmental changes.
Embryology and Phylogeny in Annelids and Arthropods describes the embryology of segmented invertebrates, utilizing morphological facts of embryonic development in the furtherance of speculations on phylogenetic relationships. This book begins with an introduction to embryology and phylogeny, followed by a discussion on the experimental embryology of animals groups, such as polychaetes, oligochaetes and leeches, onychophorans, myriapods, apterygote and pterygote insects, crustaceans, and chelicerates. The cleavage, gastrulation, and basic pattern of development of these invertebrates are also provided. This text concludes with a presentation of the onychophoran-myriapod-hexapod assemblage or Uniramia. This publication is recommended for experimental embryologists researching on the embryonic development in annelids and arthropods.
Outgrowth of IUGG Union Symposium 9 held during the 1987 IUGG General Assembly at Vancouver, Canada, and jointly sponsored by IAVCEI and others.