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Acoustics, Aeroacoustics and Vibrations
This didactic book presents the main elements of acoustics, aeroacoustics and vibrations. Illustrated with numerous concrete examples linked to solid and fluid continua, Acoustics, Aeroacoustics and Vibrations proposes a selection of applications encountered in the three fields, whether in room acoustics, transport, energy production systems or environmental problems. Theoretical approaches enable us to analyze the different processes in play. Typical results, mostly from numerical simulations, are used to illustrate the main phenomena (fluid acoustics, radiation, diffraction, vibroacoustics, etc.).
Turbulent Multiphase Flows with Heat and Mass Transfer
Numerous industrial systems or natural environments involve multiphase flows with heat and mass transfer. The authors of this book present the physical modeling of these flows, in a unified way, which can include various physical aspects and several levels of complexity. Thermal engineering and nuclear reactors; the extraction and transport of petroleum products; diesel and rocket engines; chemical engineering reactors and fluidized beds; smoke or aerosol dispersion; landslides and avalanches &− the modeling of multiphase flows with heat and mass transfer for all these situations can be developed following a common methodology. This book is devoted to the description of the mathematical ba...
Variable Density Fluid Turbulence
The first part aims at providing the physical and theoretical framework of the analysis of density variations in fully turbulent flows. Its scope is deliberately educational. In the second part, basic data on dynamical and scalar properties of variable density turbulent flows are presented and discussed, based on experimental data and/or results from direct numerical simulations. This part is rather concerned with a research audience. The last part is more directly devoted to an engineering audience and deals with prediction methods for turbulent flows of variable density fluid. Both first and second order, single point modeling are discussed, with special emphasis on the capability to include specific variable density / compressibility effects.
IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls
The study of wall-bounded turbulent ows is of considerable interest from both scienti c and practical view points. As such it has attracted a great deal of research over the last 100 years. Much research has concentratedon ows over smooth walls since these are simpler from experimental, numerical and theoretical standpoints. The ow over rough walls has still received considerable attention but progress has necessarilybeenslower.Perhapsthemostessentialproblem(certainlyfromaprac- cal point of view) is to be able to predict the skin-frictiondrag acting on a plate (or a body) given a certain known roughness characteristic of the surface. Unfortunately this has proved to be very dif cult since even the simplest rough surfaces can be characterised by a number of different parameters and we still cannot directly c- nectthese tothe uiddynamicdragin a givensituation.Varioustheoriesandmodels have been proposed in order to make progress but there is still some disagreement in the community as to the correct understanding of these important ows.
Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation II
Progress in the numerical simulation of turbulence has been rapid in the 1990s. New techniques both for the numerical approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations and for the subgrid-scale models used in large-eddy simulation have emerged and are being widely applied for both fundamental and applied engineering studies, along with novel ideas for the performance and use of simulation for compressible, chemically reacting and transitional flows. This collection of papers from the second ERCOFTAC Workshop on Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation, held in Grenoble in September 1996, presents the key research being undertaken in Europe and Japan on these topics. Describing in detail the ambitious use of DNS for fundamental studies and of LES for complex flows of potential and actual engineering importance, this volume will be of interest to all researchers active in the area.
Environmental Chemistry
With clear explanations, real-world examples and updated ancillary material, the 11th edition of Environmental Chemistry emphasizes the concepts essential to the practice of environmental science, technology and chemistry. The format and organization popular in preceding editions is used, including an approach based upon the five environmental spheres and the relationship of environmental chemistry to the key concepts of sustainability, industrial ecology and green chemistry. The new edition provides a comprehensive view of key environmental issues, and significantly looks at diseases and pandemics as an environmental problem influenced by other environmental concerns like climate change. Fe...
IUTAM Symposium on Variable Density Low-Speed Turbulent Flows
The General Assembly of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics in its meeting on August 28, 1994, selected for 1996 only four Mechanics Symposia, of which ours is the only one related to Fluid Mechanics: Variable Density Low Speed Turbulent Flows. This IUTAM Symposium, organized by the Institut de Recherche sur les Phenomenes Hors Equilibre (Marseille), is the logical continuation of the meetings previously organized or co-organized - on the French or European level, such as Euromech 237, Marseille, 1988 - by the same research group ofMarseille. This meeting focused specifically on the structure of turbulent flows in which density varies strongly : the effect of this variation on the velocity and scalar fields is in no sense negligible. We were mainly concerned with low-speed flows subjected to strong local changes of density as a consequence of heat or mass transfer or of chemical reactions. Compressible turbulent flows - such a!" supersonic ones - were also considered in order to underline their similarities to and their differences from low-speed variable density flows.
Erosion of Geomaterials
This book aims to deliver significant scientific progress on the problem of the erosion of geomaterials, focusing on the mechanical/physical aspect. The chapters oscillate between a phenomenological outlook that is well grounded in experiments, and an approach that can offer a modeling framework. The basic mechanisms of internal and surface erosion are tackled one-by-one: filtration, suffusion, contact erosion, concentrated leak erosion, sediment and wind transport, bedload transport. These erosion mechanisms comprise both hydraulic structures (dams, dikes) and natural environments (wind, river, coastal). In this book, physicists and mechanicians share with the reader their most recent findings in their field work and study, while at the same time maintaining an accessible format. This compendium provides a well-documented information resource, and above all, a tool for approaching the issue of erosion of geomaterials in an up-to-date fashion for students, researchers and practitioners alike.
Flows and Chemical Reactions in Heterogeneous Mixtures
This book - a sequel of previous publications 'Flows and Chemical Reactions' and 'Chemical Reactions in Flows and Homogeneous Mixtures' - is devoted to flows with chemical reactions in heterogeneous environments. Heterogeneous media in this volume include interfaces and lines. They may be the site of radiation. Each type of flow is the subject of a chapter in this volume. We consider first, in Chapter 1, the question of the generation of environments biphasic individuals: dusty gas, mist, bubble flow. Chapter 2 is devoted to the study at the mesoscopic scale: particle-fluid exchange of momentum and heat with determination of the respective exchange coefficients. In Chapter 3, we establish simplified equations of macroscopic balance for mass, for the momentum and energy, in the case of particles of one size (monodisperse suspension). Radiative phenomena are presented in Chapter 5.
Nuclear Physics 3
Nuclear Physics 3 presents the applications of various radioisotopes in nuclear medicine, with a focus on radiological imaging methods such as X-rays, γ scintigraphy – PET – MRI and ultrasound, which do not exploit the properties of radiopharmaceuticals. The book then presents the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with 99mTc, 201Tl, 18mKr, 18F and the radioisotopes 123I, 125I and 131I used in nuclear medicine. The production chains for the radiotracers studied, as well as their main emissions, are then described in detail, followed by a study of the clearance mechanisms of the radiopharmaceuticals under consideration. Finally, the book describes the principles of myocardial, pulmonary, bone, thyroid, renal and gastric emptying scans using the properties of the radiotracers studied, as well as the principles of prostate brachytherapy using iodine-125 implants and prostate chemotherapy.
