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Reassessing the Radical Enlightenment comprises fifteen new essays written by a team of international scholars. The collection re-evaluates the characteristics, meaning and impact of the Radical Enlightenment between 1660 and 1825, spanning England, Ireland, the Dutch Republic, France, Germany and the Americas. In addition to dealing with canonical authors and celebrated texts, such as Spinoza and his Tractus theologico-politicus, the authors discuss many less well-known figures and debates from the period. Divided into three parts, this book: Considers the Radical Enlightenment movement as a whole, including its defining features and characteristics and the history of the term itself. Trace...
This volume collects 19 of the author’s essays on eighteenth-century accounts of self-consciousness, personal identity and related issues, covering over a hundred years of a philosophical debate that has shaped the way in which these topics are discussed today. After a detailed analysis of the seventeenth-century background, the essays analyze and critically evaluate French, British and German contributions, ranging from Claude Buffier early in the century to Kant and aspects of the Post-Kantian debate. The essays deal with a large number of diverse sources, including the views and arguments of well-known philosophers such as Hume and Kant, as well as lesser-known thinkers, such as LeLarge...
This book presents, for the first time in English, a comprehensive anthology of essays on Christian Wolff's psychology written by leading international scholars. Christian Wolff is one of the towering figures in 18th-century Western thought. In the last decades, the publication of Wolff's Gesammelte Werke by Jean École and collaborators has aroused new interest in his ideas, but the meaning, scope, and impact of his psychological program have remained open to close and comprehensive analysis and discussion. That is what this volume aims to do. This is the first volume in English completely devoted to Wolff's efforts to systematize empirical and rational psychology, against the background of...
The purpose of this anthology is to bring together in one volume some of the texts published in the series "Werkprofile", which focus on Kant’s relationship to his philosophical contemporaries and predecessors, and to make them accessible to a wider audience in English. In doing so, the volume is aimed at those who have an interest in better understanding the premises of Kant's philosophy, its historical context, and the development of many of Kant’s fundamental ideas. As it is often hard to glean philosophical motivation directly from reading Kant’s texts, understanding Kant’s commitment to answering certain questions and his silence on others, requires a historical approach. This b...
Christoph Meiners (1747–1810) zählte zu den wohl ungewöhnlichsten Mitgliedern der Göttinger Universität, der er von 1767 bis 1810 als Student und Professor angehörte. Dabei bestand das Ungewöhnliche seines Schaffens einerseits in dem schon früh zu verzeichnenden enormen Lektüreumfang, andererseits in der über 40 Jahre anhaltenden Publikationstätigkeit auf nahezu allen Feldern der wissenschaftlichen Philosophie und Historiografie, auf vielerlei Gebieten der zeitgenössischen Popularphilosophie sowie überaus erfolgreich als Reiseschriftsteller. Neben der aus seiner empiristischen Sicht grundlegenden Psychologie und Anthropologie (einschließlich einer umfangreichen Geschlechterant...
Materialism - the view that facts are dependent upon or reducible to physical processes - is one of the most long-standing and controversial of all philosophical theories. Originating in antiquity, its proponents include Epicurus, Hobbes, Diderot, Darwin and Marx, whilst its impact on modern physics and consciousness debates reverberates strongly today. It is also an important yet generally overlooked feature of Indian, Chinese and Islamic thought. This major collection, the first of its kind, explores the fascinating philosophical history of materialism, from the ancient world to the twenty-first century. Comprising thirty-one chapters by an international team of contributors, the volume is...
In his Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (1786), Kant accounts for the possibility of an acting-at-a-distance gravitational force, demonstrates the infinite divisibility of matter, and derives analogues to Newtonian laws of motion. The work is his major statement in philosophy of science, and was especially influential in German-speaking countries in the nineteenth century. However, this complex text has not received the scholarly attention it deserves. The chapters of this Critical Guide clarify the accounts of matter, motion, the mathematization of nature, space, and natural laws exhibited in the Metaphysical Foundations; elucidate the relationship between its metaphysics of nature and Kant's critical philosophy; and describe the historical context for Kant's account of natural science. The volume will be an invaluable resource for understanding one of Kant's most difficult works, and will set the agenda for future scholarship on Kant's philosophy of science.
Wissenschaftlicher Austausch und Vernetzung in der Forschung waren schon zur Eröffnung der Universität Göttingen im Jahr 1737 kaum zu überschätzen. Während in Büchern und Aufsätzen in der Regel nur das Destillat eines langen, steinigen Weges zu finden ist, bieten Briefwechsel die Möglichkeit, den Forschungsprozess selbst zu analysieren. Anhand wissenschaftlicher Korrespondenzen von Göttinger Gelehrten, wie u.a. Albrecht von Haller, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg oder David Hilbert beantwortet der Sammelband disziplinübergreifend Fragen nach der Kommunikations- und Vernetzungspraxis, den Auswertungsmethoden oder nach dem Umgang mit Briefeditionen im Zeitalter der Digital Humanities.
Die Kongressakten des 12. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, der im Jahr des 650-Jahrjubiläums der Universität Wien zum Thema „Natur und Freiheit“ vom 21.–25. September 2015 an der Universität Wien stattgefunden hat, versammeln die Ergebnisse dieses Kongresses. Mit dem Thema „Natur und Freiheit“ wurde zwei tragenden Begriffen des Kritischen Werks Kants Rechnung getragen. Kants Philosophie wird bis heute weltweit diskutiert, was sich auch in den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern des Kongresses spiegelte. Gleichwohl wurden und werden immer wieder Zweifel an der Berechtigung einer Philosophie der Freiheit laut, wie sie insbesondere für Kants Moralphilosophie grundlegend ist. Spannung ...
The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Kant's three Critiques, and his second work in moral theory after the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Its systematic account of the authority of moral principles grounded in human autonomy unfolds Kant's considered views on morality and provides the keystone to his philosophical system. The essays in this volume shed light on the principal arguments of the second Critique and explore their relation to Kant's critical philosophy as a whole. They examine the genesis of the Critique, Kant's approach to the authority of the moral law given as a 'fact of reason', the metaphysics of free agency, the account of respect for morality as the moral motive, and questions raised by the 'primacy of practical reason' and the idea of the 'postulates'. Engaging and critical, this volume will be invaluable to advanced students and scholars of Kant and to moral theorists alike.