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Rice is the staple food for half of the world’s population. Consumption of rice is the major exposure route globally to the class one, non-threshold carcinogen inorganic arsenic. This book explains the sources of arsenic to paddy soils and the biogeochemical processes and plant physiological attributes of paddy soil-rice ecosystems that lead to high concentrations of arsenic in rice grain. It presents the global pattern of arsenic concentration and speciation in rice, discusses human exposures to inorganic arsenic from rice and the resulting health risks. It also highlights particular populations that have the highest rice consumptions, which include Southern and South East Asians, weaning babies, gluten intolerance sufferers and those consuming rice milk. The book also presents the information of arsenic concentration and speciation in other major crops and outlines approaches for lowering arsenic in rice grain and in the human diet through agronomic management.
Lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium are major toxic metals. All are environmental pollutants that can inflict harm on humans and other living creatures as well as adversely affect our air, water, soil, and food supply. They can poison not only us but also our progeny developing in the womb. They can break down the body's basic functions. This book describes the unique characteristics of each of the four major toxic metals, identifies the likely sources of our exposure, and offers in-depth, evidence based information, methods to test for its presence, and therapies to rid ti from our bodies.
Extensive industrialization has led to an increased release of toxic metals into the soil and air. Industrial waste can include mine overburden, bauxite residue, and E waste, and these can serve as a source of valuable recoverable metals. There are relatively simple methods to recycle these wastes, but they require additional chemicals, are expensive, and generate secondary waste that causes environmental pollution. Biohydrometallurgical processing is a cost-effective and ecofriendly alternative where biological processes help conserve dwindling ore resources and extract metals in a nonpolluting way. Microbes can be used in metal extraction from primary ores, waste minerals, and industrial a...
A comprehensive monograph of this practice, ranked the fastest-growing firm in China.
The book Eco-Restoration of the Polluted Environment: A Biological Perspective explores recent advances in biological strategies for the remediation of polluted environments, including soil, water, and air. It covers bioremediation of heavy metals, radioactive waste, and waste gases, which are believed to be bottleneck problems for researchers working in this field. The book contains separate chapters on genetic engineering technology for enhancement of the bioremediation potential of bioresources and the role of biosurfactants, enzymes, and exo-polysaccharides for bioremediation of polluted environments, along with basic aspects of eco-restoration by microorganisms. It summarizes the signif...
Soil contamination has severely increased over the last decades, mainly due to petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals from industrial wastes and human activities. The critical point regarding contaminated soil monitoring is the intrinsic difficulty in defining fixed monitoring variables and indicators as the establishment of any a priori criterion and threshold for soil quality can be still considered subjective. This book is organized into eight chapters and presents the state-of-the art and new research highlights in the context of contaminated soil monitoring and remediation strategies, including examples from South America, Europe and Asia. The chapters deal with the following topics: - monitoring of dioxin, furan, hydrocarbons and heavy metals level in soils - bioindicators and biomarkers for the assessment of soil toxicity - use of reflectance spectroscopy for soil contaminants and waste material detection - remediation technologies and strategies.
This book presents new results on metal fluxes from society to the environment, on metal speciation in water, soil and sediment, and its mobility, biological uptake and toxicity. New approaches, like the Acid Volatile Sulphide (AVS) concept to predict metal bioavailability in sediments, and the Biotic Ligand Model to calculate the toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms, are critically evaluated, with a focus on copper, nickel, zinc, and, chromium.
Toxic metals are a class of chemical elements that, in certain concentrations, can cause damage to the health of humans and animals, in addition to impacting ecosystems. These metals are emitted to the environment mainly by anthropological sources, such as industries, extractive processes and burning of fossil fuels. This book presents the main sources of toxic metals emission, demonstrate the state of the art of waste disposal and valuation techniques, especially solids and wastewater treatment.
Nanotechnology has the potential to drastically transform the agri-food sector with its significant applications to improve agricultural productivity and the efficiency of agrochemicals. The food sector has benefitted from the inclusion of nanoparticles in food matrixes and the nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals. Smart packaging materials designed with the help of nanotechnology have been used for increasing the shelf life of stored food products. Nanomaterials have been extensively used for the delivery of important agrochemicals to enhance their bioefficacy, prevent their degradation, and control their release. Various nanomaterials have been explored for remediation of arising environmen...
Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myriad of subject matter dealt with by this long-running serial - Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in agriculture - Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues - Enjoys a long-standing reputation for excellence in the field