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Biological systems are very special substrates for engineering—uniquely the products of evolution, they are easily redesigned by similar approaches. A simple algorithm of iterative cycles of diversification and selection, evolution works at all scales, from single molecules to whole ecosystems. In the little more than a decade since the first reported applications of evolutionary design to enzyme engineering, directed evolution has matured to the point where it now represents the centerpiece of industrial biocatalyst development and is being practiced by thousands of academic and industrial scientists in com- nies and universities around the world. The appeal of directed evolution is easy ...
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Directed evolution comprises two distinct steps that are typically applied in an iterative fashion: (1) generating molecular diversity and (2) finding among the ensemble of mutant sequences those proteins that perform the desired fu- tion according to the specified criteria. In many ways, the second step is the most challenging. No matter how cleverly designed or diverse the starting library, without an effective screening strategy the ability to isolate useful clones is severely diminished. The best screens are (1) high throughput, to increase the likelihood that useful clones will be found; (2) sufficiently sen- tive (i. e. , good signal to noise) to allow the isolation of lower activity c...
This book shares the stories of 65 Gohman ancestors who grew up next to the Mississippi River in Central Minnesota. They are the third-generation members of the Gohman family that immigrated from Lower Saxony, Germany, to the United States in 1843 and migrated from Cincinnati to Minnesota in 1855. The first and second generations are introduced briefly. The lives of the Third-Generation spanned a period from 1868 to 1991, an amazing 123 years. Generally engaged as farmers, they were diverse personalities who responded to life experiences in diverse ways. They lived through times of both great prosperity and deep poverty. They experienced two world wars and dramatically changing technology. This generation of the Gohman family thrived as they adapted to the changes in their lives from the horse and buggy times to the days of the jet plane.
This is the initial volume of a comprehensive history that traces the “Presidential line” of the Washingtons. Volume one begins with the immigrant John Washington who settled in Westmoreland Co., Va., in 1657, married Anne Pope, and was the great-grandfather of President George Washington. This volume continues the story of John and Anne’s family for a total of seven generations, collecting over 5,000 direct descendants. Future volumes will trace eight more generations with a total of over 63,000 descendants. Although structured in a genealogical format for the sake of clarity, this is no bare bones genealogy but a true family history with over 1,200 detailed biographical narratives. T...
2020 Gradiva Award Nominee, Best Edited Book Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Women and Their Experience of Desire, Ambition and Leadership considers how these factors can be understood, nurtured, or thwarted and the subsequent impact on women’s identity, authority and satisfaction. Psychoanalysis has long struggled with its ideas about women, about who they are, how to work with them, and how to respect and encourage what women want. This book argues that psychoanalytic theory and practice must evolve to maintain its relevance in a volatile landscape. Each section of the book begins with a chapter that reviews contemporary ideas regarding women, as well as psychoanalytic history, gender bia...
This wide-ranging book is an intellectual history of how informed readers read their Bibles over the past four hundred years, from the first translations in the sixteenth century to the emergence of fundamentalism in the twentieth century. In an astonishing display of erudition, David Katz recreates the response of readers from different eras by examining the horizon of expectations that provided the lens through which they read. In the Renaissance, says Katz, learned men rushed to apply the tools of textual analysis to the Testaments, fully confident that God's Word would open up and reveal shades of further truth. During the English Civil War, there was a symbiotic relationship between politics and religion, as the practical application of the biblical message was hammered out. Science - Newtonian and Darwinian, as well as the emerging disciplines of anthropology, archaeology, and geology - also had a great impact on how the Bible was received. The rise of the novel and the development of a concept of authorial copyright were other factors that altered readers' experience. Katz discusses all of these and more, concluding with the growth of fundamentalism in America, which broug
"History of Women in Science" chronicles the remarkable contributions of women to the field of science from ancient times to the present day. This compelling narrative highlights the struggles, triumphs, and groundbreaking achievements of female scientists who have shaped our understanding of the natural world. From the early pioneers who defied societal norms to contemporary trailblazers leading innovative research, this book celebrates the often-overlooked stories of women whose work has paved the way for future generations. Readers will discover the challenges these women faced, the barriers they broke, and the legacy they left behind. Through a blend of historical context, biographical sketches, and inspiring anecdotes, this book serves as both an educational resource and a source of inspiration for anyone interested in science, equality, and the power of perseverance. Join us on this journey through time and discover the vital role women have played in shaping the scientific landscape.
Women in History: 300 Word Search Puzzles puts your knowledge to the text with 300 fun-filled word searches about strong and powerful women throughout history that will keep you on your toes for hours a time!