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Considering that neurological and psychiatric illnesses do not still have efficient therapies and are becoming increasingly widespread, the search for novel targets appears fundamental. Neuroinflammation, alterations in adult neurogenesis and excitotoxicity, all associated with glutamate transmission dysfunction, are key components of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric illnesses. Counteracting the neurotoxic actions of glutamate through the modulatory actions of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), represents a rational intervention that offers tolerability compatible with clinical therapy. Their suitability as targets for developing novel therapies is also based o...
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are members of the group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors. Eight different mGlu subtypes have been identified and classified into three groups based on amino acid sequence similarity, agonist pharmacology, and the signal transduction pathways to which they couple. They perform a variety of functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, being involved in learning, memory, anxiety, and the perception of pain. They are found in pre- and postsynaptic neurons in synapses of the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex, as well as other parts of the bain and peripheral tissues. This volume will focus on the latest research in the role of Group I mGluRs in health and disease.
Following the successful format of the first volume on long- term potentiation -- a leading candidate for the neuronal basis of learning and memory -- Volume 2 brings together the most recent data and hypotheses by top neuroscientists regarding the mechanisms of this phenomenon and of long-term depression (LTD). The book is divided into several sections covering different aspects of the field ranging from molecular mechanisms of plasticity to computational neurobiology. It revisits some of the major points covered in Volume 1, updating them in this fast-moving field. It also introduces several new issues that have arisen since then. Of the many possible new topics that could have been added, the editors have focused on retrograde messengers and the mechanisms and functions of LTP and LTD because they are the subject of much interest, research, and controversy. The section on retrograde messengers deals primarily with nitric oxide.
This book explores the synthesis, characterization, and applications of graphene and its derivatives. It covers advancements in improving graphene quality, surface engineering methods, and increasing material functionality. The topics covered include functionalized graphene, graphene quantum dots, novel device fabrication approaches, and diverse applications. The book also investigates the fundamental principles of characterizing graphene and its derivatives, along with electronic structures, theoretical investigations, and computational analyses relevant to their applications, synthesis, and properties. The chapters are organized to cover these topics, starting with a general overview of surface chemistry and its concepts for surface engineering of graphene, the fundamental properties of graphene and its derivatives, their synthesis, and applications in numerous fields, and concludes with a future perspective. Significantly, for the first time, both industrial and medical applications are gathered in one book, enabling us to discuss the confrontation of medical and industrial applications of graphene and graphene quantum dots.
Handbook of Amygdala Structure and Function, Volume 26, provides an updated overview on the functional neuroanatomy of amygdala nuclei, with an emphasis on interconnections (basolateral, central amygdala, medial amygdala) and their integration into related networks/circuits (prefrontal cortex, bed nucleus, nucleus accumbens). The design of this volume builds upon the foundations of functional neural circuits and the corresponding (cellular) electrophysiology important for the homeostatic control of amygdala function. This volume contains a dedicated section on the anatomical organization of the amygdala nuclei, emphasizing the role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that integrate signals and regulate behavior. Additional chapters discuss cellular physiology, plasticity and the integration of electrical signals that contribute to neural activity. The final section of the book connects the role of amygdala dysfunction and the development of disorders in human health and disease.
Trophic Regulation of the Basal Ganglia: Focus on Dopamine Neurons examines neurotransmitters. The book first discusses the role of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and ganglioside GM1 and the trophic regulation of the basal ganglia. Biochemical and histochemical studies on the cellular localization of FGF-2; mapping of FGF-2 and its receptors in the basal ganglia postnatally and adulthood; and mapping of the ganglioside GM1 distribution in the basal ganglia are presented. The text also explains glucocorticoid and estrogen effects on the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems; factors associated to dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson's disease; and compensatory mechanisms at do...
The aim of this book is to provide a broad and complete overview of research on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The information collected in it should contribute to the development of research in the mGluR area and provide scientists with a tool for a better understanding of this system and a broader perspective in the search for new approaches in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Many bacteria, animals, and plants produce toxins that can prove lethal to other organisms. Toxins are a form of "biological warfare" that helps their producer to survive and so confer an evolutionary advantage. They display an extraordinary range of complexity, from the formic acid provided by ants to bacterial proteins composed of thousands of amino acids. This Guidebook considers the more complex protein and peptide toxins and groups them according to their mode of action. Topics covered include: membrane-permeabilizing toxins; toxins affecting signal transduction and protein synthesis; cytoskeleton-affecting toxins; toxins affecting the immune and inflammatory response. This class of biomolecules will be of interest to a wide range of researchers in cell biology, neuroscience, and toxicology.
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