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Egoists
Reproduction of the original: Egoists by James Huneker
Edmond de Goncourt and the Novel
Edmond de Goncourt’s four solo novels are not simply extensions of the Goncourt brothers’ joint project, but attempts to deviate from the Naturalism with which their name had come to be associated. By analysing paratexts, the relationship between documentation and fiction, as well as plot devices and themes, this study links the evolution of Goncourt’s fiction to wider literary debates surrounding Naturalism, Decadence and the renewal of the novel in fin de siècle France. In bringing Goncourt’s writings to an English-speaking public, it will be of interest to students and scholars of the literary history of late-nineteenth-century France.
Degeneration
None
Reading Nelligan
Émile Nelligan (1879–1941) wrote all of his poetry as an adolescent, before spending four decades in a psychiatric asylum. Considering all of Nelligan's work and using a largely textual approach, Émile Talbot points out the Canadian roots of Nelligan's originality. He argues that these are discernable despite Nelligan's use of the discourse of nineteenth-century continental French poetry, particularly that of the Parnassians and the Decadents. Talbot's textual analysis is integrated with a consideration of the social, cultural, artistic, and religious climate of both late nineteenth-century Montreal and the European literary culture to which Nelligan was responding. Talbot considers such pertinent factors as the spirituality of guilt, the role of the mother, and a societal context that rejected both the revelation of the self and the autonomy of art. In doing so he sheds new light on Nelligan's use of European poetic language to fashion a poetry marked by his own culture.
Yvory Apes and Peacocks
Reproduction of the original: Yvory Apes and Peacocks by James Huneker
Ivory, Apes and Peacocks
The work presented here is a review of the most outstanding achievements in arts in the second part of the 19th century. The author of this book, an American art, book, music, and theater critic James Gibbons Huneker aimed to educate Americans about the best cultural achievements, native and European, of his time. Thus, in this collection, a reader may find information about such prominent figures as Walt Whitman, Max Lieberman, Feodor Dostoyevsky, Zola, and Maupassant.
Symbolism, Its Origins and Its Consequences
The notion of the symbol is at the root of the Symbolist movement, but this symbol is different from the way it was used and understood in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. In the Symbolist movement, a symbol is not an allegory. The Belgian writer Maurice Maeterlinck defined its essence in an article that appeared on April 24, 1887, in L’Art moderne. He wrote that the notion of a symbol in the Symbolist movement is the opposite of the notion of the symbol in classical usage: instead of going from the abstract to the concrete (Venus, incarnated in the statue, represents love), it goes from the concrete to the abstract, from “what is seen, heard, felt, tasted, and sensed to the evocation of...
