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This book provides a reappraisal of Germany’s military between the mid-nineteenth century and the end of the First World War. At its core is the following question: how 'German' was the imperial German army? This army, which emerged from the Wars of Unification in 1871, has commonly been seen as the 'school of the nation'. After all – so this argument goes – tens of thousands of young men passed through its ranks each year, with conscripts undergoing an intense program of patriotic education and returning to civilian life as fervent German nationalists and ardent supporters of the German emperor, or Kaiser. This book reexamines this assumption. It does not deny that devotion to the Fatherland and loyalty to the Kaiser were widespread among German soldiers in the decades following unification. It nevertheless shows that the imperial German army was far less homogenous and far more faction-ridden than has hitherto been acknowledged.
Between periods of revolution, state repression, and war across Central and Western Europe from the 1840s through the 1860s, German liberals practiced politics beyond the more well-defined realms of voluntary associations, state legislatures, and burgeoning political parties. Political Friendship approaches 19th century German history’s trajectory to unification through the lens of academics, journalists, and artists who formed close personal relationships with one another and with powerful state leaders. Michael Weaver argues that German liberals thought with their friends by demonstrating the previously neglected aspects of political friendship were central to German political culture.
Queen Victoria: This Thorny Crown is the first comprehensive account of its subject's intense religiosity. This thematically structured biography explains how events in Victoria's life and reign - from her coronation to her marriage and many bereavements - changed and enlarged her faith. It portrays a woman with simple convictions but a complex identity, which suited her multinational kingdom and religiously plural Empire. Victoria was the Supreme Governor of the Church of England but preferred to worship with Scottish Presbyterians; she was an ardent Protestant, yet sympathetic to Roman Catholicism and Islam. Drawing on British and German archives, Michael Ledger-Lomas illuminates not just ...
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'The collection deserves to be made accessible to readers, and the publisher should be congratulated on maintaining a steady stream of high-quality publications on the European subject.' - Steve Jefferys, Industrial Relations Journal
This book explores the evolution of the role of the heirs to the throne of Italy between 1860 and 1900. It focuses on the future kings Umberto I (1844-1900) and Vittorio Emanuele III (1869-1947), and their respective spouses, Margherita of Savoia (1851-1926) and Elena of Montenegro (1873-1952). It sheds light on the soft power the Italian royals were attempting to generate, by identifying and examining four specific areas of monarchical activity: firstly, the heirs’ public role and the manner in which they attempted to craft an Italian identity through a process of self-presentation; secondly, the national, royal, linguistic and military education of the heirs; thirdly, the promotion of a family-centred dynasty deploying both male and female elements in the public realm; and finally the readiness to embrace different modes of mobility in the construction of italianità. By analysing the growing importance of the royal heirs and their performance on the public stage in post-Risorgimento Italy, this study investigates the attempted construction of a cohesive national identity through the crown and, more specifically, the heirs to the throne.
Alliance: Part Two &– a box set 4 &– Reward Vacation can be its own reward. 5 &– Annihilation It's the end of the world as they know it... 6 &– Avenger Sometimes going back is all you can do... A government agency isn't a place you'd expect to find love. Not all are soldiers, but the Alliance has a long arm and touches many lives. The Galaxy may just be big enough for espionage, murder, science and honour among men.
For decades, scientists and engineers have been working to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines. For spark-ignition engines, two technical questions in particular are always in focus: 1. How can the air/fuel mixture be optimally ignited under all possible conditions? 2. How can undesirable but recurrent early and self-ignitions in the air/fuel mixture be avoided? Against the background of the considerable efficiency increases currently being sought in the context of developments and the introduction of new fuels, such as hydrogen, methanol, ammonia and other hydrogen derivatives as well as biofuels, these questions are more in the focus than ever. In order to provide a perfect exchange platform for the community of combustion process and system developers from research and development, IAV has organized this combined conference, chaired by Marc Sens. The proceedings presented here represent the collection of all the topics presented at the event and are thus intended to serve as an inspiration and pool of ideas for all interested parties.
Southern Erie County, around North Collins, was originally inhabited by the Seneca Nation of Native Americans. Beginning in the late 1790s, English Quakers moving west from New England arrived, and as the 1800s progressed, waves of German and Italian immigrants followed, seeking political and economic stability. Later, immigrants of other nationalities settled in the area, adding their contributions to this area of rich diversity. Around North Collins contains a unique combination of vintage photographs and historical knowledge on North Collins and fourteen other communities: Shirley, Langford, Clarksburg, New Oregon, Marshfield, Collins Center, Collins, Gowanda, Lawtons Station, Brant, Farnham, Angola, Pontiac, and Kerr's Corners. The photographs, many of which have never before been published, come from the collections of local historians, historical societies, and area families. Pictured are people at home, at school, at ceremonies, and at work, using the tools of their craft.