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One of the most radical feminist theorists in Europe before the nineteenth century, François Poullain de la Barre (1647-1723) was a man way ahead of his time. Applying Cartesian principles to "the Woman Question," Poullain demonstrated by rational deduction that the supposedly "self-evident" inequality of the sexes was nothing more than unfounded prejudice. Poullain published three books (anonymously) on this topic in the 1670s, all of which are included in English translation in this volume. In On the Equality of the Two Sexes he argued that the supposedly "natural" inferiority of women was culturally produced. To help women recognize and combat this prejudice, Poullain advocated a modern, enlightened feminine education in On the Education of Ladies. Finally, since his contemporaries largely ignored Poullain's writings, he offered a rebuttal to his own arguments in On the Excellence of Men—a rebuttal that he promptly countered, strengthening his original positions. A truly modern feminist, Poullain laid the intellectual groundwork for the women's liberation movement centuries before it happened.
His writings challenging male supremacy and advocating gender and racial equality are the most radically egalitarian texts to appear in Europe before the French revolution."
In this example of Cartesian rationalism, Poullain expounds a remarkably modern feminist position - that sexual inequality is not rooted in nature, but is the historical result of custom, ignorance, and prejudice. Translated into English text from the original French text of 1673, this edition also includes an introduction.
His writings challenging male supremacy and advocating gender and racial equality are the most radically egalitarian texts to appear in Europe before the French revolution."
De l'égalité des deux sexes, 1673: Engl. transl.: 1677.
A reexamination of the origins of modern science; discovers a forgotten heritage of women scientists and probes the cultural and historical forces that continue to shape the course of scientific scholarship and knowledge.
The seventeenth century witnessed the first publications that argued for the equality of men and women. Desmond M. Clarke presents new translations of the three most important ones, with excerpts from the authors' related writings, together with an extensive introduction to the religious and philosophical context within which they argued.
Approaching a wide range of transnational topics, the editors ask how conceptions of slavery & gendered society differed in the United States, France, Germany, & Britain.
For the first time, Poil0/00ne, CEO of the Poil0/00ne bakery, provides detailed instructions so bakers can reproduce its unique "hug-sized" sourdough loaves at home, as well as the bakery's other much-loved breads and pastries. Beyond bread, Poil0/00ne includes recipes for such pastries as tarts and butter cookies. cookies.