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Recent advances in understanding of fundamental immunology have created new insights into the dynamic interactions between tumors and the immune system. This includes new understanding of T- and B-cell interaction, immune inhibitory mechanisms including the biology of T regulatory cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and dendritic cell subsets. Enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying T-cell anergy such as arginine deprivation, immunosuppressive cytokines, defective innate and interferon response pathways, and NKG2D downregulation have all provided new insight into suppression of anti-tumor immunity and tumor evasion. In addition to emerging understanding of tumor evasion, new immune targ...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a life-long chronic disease diagnosed primarily in young adults. During an MS attack, inflammation occurs in areas of the white matter of the central nervous system (nerve fibres that are the site of MS lesions) in random patches called plaques. This process is followed by destruction of myelin, which insulates nerve cell fibres in the brain and spinal cord. Myelin facilitates the smooth, high-speed transmission of electrochemical messages between the brain, the spinal cord, and the rest of the body. The initial symptom of MS is often blurred or double vision, red-green colour distortion, or even blindness in one eye. Most MS patients experience muscle weakness in their extremities and difficulty with co-ordination and balance. Most people with MS also exhibit paresthesias, transitory abnormal sensory feeling such as numbness or pins and needles. Some may experience pain or loss of feeling. About half of people with MS experience cognitive impairments such as difficulties with concentration, attention, memory, and judgement. This volume presents leading research from around the globe.
Inflammatory disorders of the nervous system, although individually uncommon, collectively make up 10-20% of acute paediatric neurology presentations and many are potentially treatable. Research into them is lagging behind adult research, but better diagnosis and often simple treatments could lead to substantial clinical benefit and reduction in long-term disability. This book provides a detailed and comprehensive summary of the childhood diseases that are, or are likely to be, caused by the immune system. The authors not only describe these disorders and their treatments comprehensively, helping pediatricians and pediatric neurologists to improve their understanding and recognition of the conditions, but also highlight recent and exciting developments that will be of considerable importance in the future.
The largest collection of basic, clinical, and applied knowledge on the chemical senses ever compiled in one volume, the third edition of Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation encompass recent developments in all fields of chemosensory science, particularly the most recent advances in neurobiology, neuroscience, molecular biology, and modern functional imaging techniques. Divided into five main sections, the text covers the senses of smell and taste as well as sensory integration, industrial applications, and other chemosensory systems. This is essential reading for clinicians and academic researchers interested in basic and applied chemosensory perception.