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An introduction covers the 2019 PIRSA discussion paper 'Planning for the future of South Australia's Pastoral Rangelands' and the state government's draft bill entitled 'South Australia. Pastoral Lands Bill 2020'. The bulk of the item is a reprint of the author's 1992 draft manuscript 'Pastoralism and sustainable land use in South Australia'.
Rotary drilling equipment was modified and used to obtain cores from glaciers in Northwest Greenland, Byrd Station and Little America V, Antarctica. Using cold compressed air, specially designed bits and other modifications, cores were obtained to 1345 feet in Greenland, 1000 feet at Byrd Station and the Ross Ice Shelf was penetrated to a depth of 840 feet at Little America V. In all locations cracks in the core appeared with increasing frequency at depth due to the sudden release of the overburden load when the core was cut in the air-filled hole. Special equipment and techniques developed dealt with the problem with some success. (Author Modified Abstract).
The problems of obtaining frozen samples by core drilling of perennially frozen gravel and rock were investigated. Most of the core drilling was carried out in ice-bonded, well-graded alluvial gravel with the ground temperature near its freezing point. Both chilled compressed air and oil-based liquids were used as drilling fluids. The details of both successful and unsuccessful coring attempts are reported and related to descriptions and photographs of samples of a wide range of quality. Drilling variables such as weight on the bit, rotational velocity, rate of penetration, fluid temperatures, viscosities, flow rates and pressures and mechanical details of the diamond bits are reported. (Modified author abstract).
The construction of a large diameter cased borehole and surface instrument shelter for the installation of a high resolution, long term recording seismograph in marginal permafrost 15 miles west of Fairbanks, Alaska, is described. Permafrost extended to a depth of 123 ft and consisted of frozen silt, peat and sandy small gravel and was underlain by a thawed gravel aquifer. The first 48 ft of 16-in. hole was drilled with a truck-mounted auger. Forty thermocouples were installed in the fill placed over the casing and in the ground beneath to monitor thermal behavior. Data from these are discussed. Five thermistors attached to the borehole package yielded data on the ground temperature at the 80 to 85-ft depth interval. Using these data, the permafrost thickness obtained by exploratory drilling, and the mean annual air temperature, the ground temperature profile at depth is estimated. (Modified author abstract).
Remembrances and anecdotes describing Jim Lange, longtime editorial cartoonist for the Daily Oklahoman, illustrated with his cartoons and family photographs.
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