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Sharing Economy and Regulatory Strategies Towards Legal Change
The rise of the sharing economy is transforming the way we produce and consume goods and services. This transformation requires a revision of current legal rules concerning sectors where the sharing economy is emerging. Taking the regulation of the taxi industry as a main example, this article analyses why those rules ought to be reviewed, the obstacles law makers have to face in order to perform such a task, and the regulatory strategies they could use for that purpose. The paper considers a variety of regulatory approaches including regulatory impact assessment, legal variation, the coexistence of different legal regimes, experimental legislation and compensation.
Not Entirely Reliable
Private scientific organizations exert a great deal of influence in the regulation of some technological risks. The high level of expertise of their members is arguably a good reason for them to participate in making and monitoring risk regulations, in order to adjust these to scientific progress. Nevertheless, there are also sound reasons why governments shouldn't uncritically follow the views expressed by such organizations. Taking the role played by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection in the regulation of electromagnetic fields as an illustrative example, this paper shows that private scientific organizations such as these are structurally less well suited than democratic authorities when it comes to managing those risks.
Digital Technologies and Public Procurement
The digital transformation of the public sector has accelerated. States are experimenting with technology, seeking more streamlined and efficient digital government and public services. However, there are significant concerns about the risks and harms to individual and collective rights under new modes of digital public governance. Several jurisdictions are attempting to regulate digital technologies, especially artificial intelligence, however regulatory effort primarily concentrates on technology use by companies, not by governments. The regulatory gap underpinning public sector digitalisation is growing. As it controls the acquisition of digital technologies, public procurement has emerge...
Compensating Acquitted Pre-Trial Detainees
Western legal systems are far from having provided the same solution to the problem of whether acquitted pre-trial detainees should be compensated for the harm suffered as a result of detention on remand. Various arguments have been formulated in order to justify or criticize this compensation, but the possible incentive effects of this compensation on criminal behavior has not yet been considered. This paper analyzes these effects, focusing on the case where detention was lawfully and diligently carried out by State agents, and not having been caused by negligence on the part of the detainee. The paper shows that such compensation can either deter crime or encourage it, depending inter alia on the standard of evidence used to decide whether to compensate or not. Finally, the paper analyzes which standards of evidence maximize both deterrence and social welfare, and discusses some possible extensions.
Time, Law, and Change
Offering a unique perspective on an overlooked subject – the relationship between time, change, and lawmaking – this edited collection brings together world-leading experts to consider how time considerations and social, political and technological change affect the legislative process, the interpretation of laws, the definition of the powers of the government and the ability of legal orders to promote innovation. Divided into four parts, each part considers a different form of interaction between time and law, and change. The first part offers legal, theoretical and historical perspectives on the relationship between time and law, and how time shaped law and influences legal interpretat...
Regulating the Platform Economy
This book analyses novel and important issues relating to the emergence of new forms of work resulting from the introduction of disruptive technologies in the enterprises and the labour market, especially platform work. The first part of the book examines the platform economy and labour market, to address the more general challenges that the recent labour platforms pose for employment and the labour market, while the second part of the book considers the implications of the rise of different ways of work in the enterprises due to the incorporation of technology in a global context. Providing a rich analysis and evaluation of the numerous theoretical and practical regulatory problems arising ...
O Princípio da Proibição do Excesso na Conformação e no Controlo de Atos Legislativos
O princípio da proibição do excesso ou da proporcionalidade clássica é considerado por muitos o mais importante princípio do Direito Constitucional gerado pelas perspetivas pós-positivistas do direito e o centro da dogmática dos direitos fundamentais. A sua universalidade tem-se acentuado, sendo visto como um dos pilares do vocabulário comum de um constitucionalismo global. Em Portugal, a Constituição consagra-o, tendo sido, aliás, um dos primeiros textos constitucionais a referir-se-lhe expressamente. O Tribunal Constitucional aplica-o com regularidade. O presente estudo demonstra que o princípio da proibição do excesso tem conteúdo, estrutura e metódica aplicativa variáveis consoante seja encarado como norma de ação dirigida ao legislador ou como parâmetro de controlo ao dispor do juiz constitucional. É dado particular relevo à proibição do excesso como instrumento de mediação de operações de harmonização realizadas pelo legislador, porque é a situação menos - ou quase nada - estudada. Porém, esclarecem-se também as condições essenciais da sua aplicação pelo juiz constitucional.
Las transformaciones de la administración pública y del derecho administrativo. Tomo III. Dimensiones del control sobre la actividad administrativa
En este tomo confluyen lo tradicional y lo nuevo, el control judicial de la Administración pública y el control no judicial. El libro se encuentra diseñado a partir de la idea de control como una actividad bifronte, expresión de la función judicial y de la función administrativa, cada una con su objeto, características y fines. No hay duda de que el lector encontrará aquí artículos de una profundidad extraordinaria -como es usual en la colección "Jornadas Internacionales de Derecho Administrativo"-, pero también con las respuestas prácticas a los problemas actuales del derecho administrativo y en particular al control de la Administración pública.
La jurisprudencia y su función en el ordenamiento jurídico administrativo
El objeto de esta monografía no consiste en abordar el estudio de la jurisprudencia en cuanto fuente formal del Derecho -cuestión sobre la que existen abundantes y exhaustivos trabajos-, sino que en ella se asume su condición de fuente complementaria del ordenamiento jurídico, en el sentido del art. 1.6 del Código Civil. Desde dicho enfoque, este estudio se circunscribe al ámbito contencioso-administrativo, dada la escasez de trabajos específicos sobre el valor de la jurisprudencia, tema que se ha abordado, casi siempre, desde la perspectiva civilista, procesalista o de la teoría general del Derecho y, sobre todo, debido a las peculiaridades de esta rama del ordenamiento jurídico, q...
Sobre el poder explicativo del análisis económico del Derecho. En especial, del Derecho de daños (On the Explanatory Power of the Economic Analysis of Law (In Particular, Tort Law)).
Spanish Abstract: El análisis económico del Derecho (AED) estudia los fenómenos jurídicos sirviéndose de las teorías y las herramientas metodológicas proporcionadas por la economía. El AED puede cumplir una función normativa (señalar qué decisiones jurídicas deberían adoptarse con el fin de maximizar ciertas preferencias), una función predictiva (determinar las consecuencias sociales que pueden tener las decisiones jurídicas) y una función explicativa (poner de manifiesto los factores que determinan la forma y el contenido las decisiones jurídicas). El AED ha recibido innumerables críticas. En este trabajo consideramos y tratamos de refutar, en la medida en que lo merezcan, aquellas que impugnan su valor explicativo en general y del Derecho de daños en particular, que es el ámbito jurídico donde esta cuestión se ha discutido más profusa e intensamente. En particular, ponemos de relieve que el AED ofrece explicaciones del Derecho de daños realmente practicado más exactas, amplias, simples, fecundas, unificadoras y coherentes que las propuestas por otras teorías alternativas, como la de la «justicia correctiva»
