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HIV-Induced Damage of B Cells and Production of HIV Neutralizing Antibodies
Multiple dysfunctions take place in the B cell compartment during HIV-1 infection, comprising depletion of resting memory B cells carrying serological memory to vaccines and previously met pathogens. In addition, population of B cells characterized by the expression of exhaustion markers are enlarged during HIV-1 infection. Antibodies with the capacity to neutralize a broad range of HIV-1 isolates can be detected only in a minority of infected patients, after a year or more from acute infection. An open question is whether the inability of producing neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies is somehow linked to the B cell immunopathology observed in patients. In this research topic we invited scientists...
International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies
http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/5043
HIV Interactions with Dendritic Cells
Given rapid research progress and advance of the techniques in studying HIV interactions with host cells and factors, there is a critical need for a book on HIV interactions with DCs. The proposed book will aim for a broad readership to facilitate HIV/AIDS research and provide a practical tool for HIV researchers to continuously address novel questions. Specifically, the editors will summarize the literature in this field and provide critical analysis and future directions. International researchers will be invited as contributors of the book, highlighting authors who have contributed significantly to the field from different angles and aspects of virology, cell biology and immunology, etc.
AIDS Research at EC Level
At EC level the fight against AIDS, one of the major health problems and socioeconomic diseases today, is also part of the specific RTD programme in the field of biomedicine and health. About 600 research teams are collaborating within 30 concerted actions networks that are underpinned by centralised facilities. For example, the epidemiology research networks are monitored by the WHO/EC collaborating centre in St. Maurice, France. Common experiments on animal models, antiviral screening, genetic analysis of multiple virus strains and provision of reagents for vaccine development are also centralized facilities in AIDS research carried out under the principles of subsidiarity and Community ad...
Congenital and Other Related Infectious Diseases of the Newborn
This book is directed toward the molecular composition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and control of congenital and other related diseases of the newborn that are caused by a variety of viruses. These viruses comprise several families that include Herpesviridae (HSV-1, HSV-2, HSV-6, HSV-7, CMV and varcilla-zoster); Parvoviridae (parvovirus B19); Lentiviridae (HIV); Hepadnaviridae (HBV); Flaviviridae (HCV); and Togaviridae (RV). Leading researchers in childhood diseases and virology from Brazil, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the United States of America report on the up-to-date advances in the molecular virology, immunology, biochemistry, pathology, diagnosis, prevalence and treatment of selected congenital and other related diseases of the newborn.* Contains recommendations for diagnosis, risk assessment, prophylaxis and treatment of viral and parasitic infections of most organisms involved in congenital diseases* An impressive list of internationally known scientists in the field of congenital diseases and related subjects
Paradigm Changes Are Required in HIV Vaccine Research
In his 1962 book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", Thomas Kuhn famously argued that researchers in every field of scientific enquiry always operate under a set of presuppositions known as paradigms that are rarely explicitly stated. In the field of HIV vaccine research, several prevailing paradigms led scientists for many years to pursue unfruitful lines of investigations that impeded significant progress. The uncritical acceptance of reigning paradigms makes scientists reluctant to abandon their mistaken assumptions even when they obtain results that are not consistent with the paradigms. The following five paradigms which disregard the degeneracy of the immune system were particul...
Diagnosis of Human Viruses by Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology
The basis for the effective treatment and cure of a patient is the rapid diagnosis of the disease and its causative agent, which is based on the analysis of the clinical symptoms coupled with laboratory tests. Although rapid advance ments have been made in the laboratory diagnosis of virus diseases, the neces sary isolation of the causative virus from the clinical specimens is a relatively long procedure. Viruses which integrate into the cellular DNA (such as human immunodeficiency virus, HIV -1, or hepatitis B virus) are difficult to identify by molecular techniques, while viruses which exist in the clinical material in low concentrations are even more formidable to identify. Recently, the application of the polymerase chain reaction (peR) technique developed by K. D. Mullis and detailed in the study by Saiki et al. (1985) led to a revolution in virus diagnosis. The peR technique was rapidly applied to the diagnosis of viruses in clinical material. Volume 1 of Frontiers of Virology provides new information on the advan tages of the use of the peR for the diagnosis of many human disease-causing viruses, as well as on some problems with its use.
