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The notion that contaminated environments in hospital settings significantly contribute to the risk of an individual acquiring an infection while hospitalized is continuously gaining recognition by the medical community. There is a clear correlation between the environmental bioburden present in a clinical setting and the risk of patients acquiring an infection. Thus using self-disinfecting surfaces can be a very important adjunct in the fight against nosocomial pathogens. This book reviews the increasing evidence that contaminated non-intrusive soft and hard surfaces located in the clinical surroundings are a source of nosocomial pathogens and focuses on the utility of copper containing materials in reducing bioburden and fighting hospital acquired infections. It also reviews other biocidal surface alternatives and the economics of using biocidal surfaces in a hospital environment. Finally, it discusses the pros and cons of existent disinfection modalities other than biocidal surfaces.
The soil-transmitted nematode parasites, or geohelminths, are - called because they have a direct life cycle, which involves no intermediate hosts or vectors, and are transmitted by faecal contamination of soil, foodstuffs and water supplies. They all inhabit the intestine in their adult stages but most species also have tissue-migratoryjuvenile stages, so the disease manifestations they cause can therefore be both local and systemic. The geohelminths together present an enormous infection burden on humanity. Those which cause the most disease in humans are divided into three main groupings, Ascaris lumbricoides (the large roundworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), and the blood-feeding hoo...
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Snake Venom Metalloproteinases" that was published in Toxins
Insectology: The Definitive Dictionary of Entomology is a comprehensive guide that unveils the intricacies of the insect world. This book delves into the captivating realm of insects, covering their morphology, behavior, and ecological roles. With meticulous definitions and explanations, it serves as a valuable resource for anyone seeking to understand the language of entomology. Beyond definitions, Insectology sparks curiosity and appreciation for the remarkable diversity and ecological significance of insects. From anatomical structures to evolutionary adaptations, readers will gain a deeper understanding of these often misunderstood creatures. Whether a novice or an expert, this dictionary invites readers to explore and appreciate the wonders of the insect kingdom.
Life expectancy and income among the first countries to begin health transitions -- Which countries should be studied? -- A colonizer and the country colonized : Japan and Korea -- Very low income is not a barrier : Sri Lanka -- Two neighbors : Panama and Costa Rica -- Capitalism and communism, dictatorship and democracy : Cuba and Jamaica -- The Soviet and Chinese models of social development -- Oil-rich lands -- The Latin American case : income inequality and health in Mexico -- Limiting mortality from fecal disease, malaria, and tuberculosis.
The human wound-healing process could be divided into four discrete phases, which have also been indicated as the hemostasis, the inflammatory, the proliferation, and the remodeling phase. For a wound to be healed efficaciously, all four phases must sequentially happen at an expected time setting. Numerous aspects can hinder one or more stages of this procedure, thus can cause inappropriate or diminished wound healing. This book reviews the recent literature on the most significant factors that affect wound healing and the potential cellular and/or molecular mechanisms involved. The factors discussed include physiology of wound healing, interferon, stem cells and photobiomodulation, chronic venous ulcer, chronic fistula, bionanomaterials, topical antiseptic agents, including silver and sodium hypochlorite solution, diabetic ulcers, and nutritional supplements such as copper.
Publisher Description
Textiles and Their Use in Microbial Protection: Focus on COVID-19 and Other Viruses provides readers with vital information about disinfection mechanisms used in textile applications in the fight against dangerous microbes and viruses. KEY FEATURES: Introduces the basics of textile materials used for medical applications Features key information on virology, characterization, indication, and passivation of COVID-19 Describes UV, photocatalysis, photooxidation, application of TiO2, copper-based viral inhibition, and activated carbon Discusses antiviral finishes for the protection against SARS-CoV-2, particle penetration in dense cotton fabrics under swollen state, and the impact of moisture on face masks and their designs Aimed at textile and materials engineers as well as readers in medical fields, this text offers a comprehensive view of fundamentals and solutions in the use of textiles for microbial protection.