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Medieval Bridges of Middle England
Throughout history, rivers have been a hub for human settlement and have long been a key part of local livelihoods, history, and culture, as well as still playing a present-day role in providing services and leisure to people who live around them. It is no coincidence that all four of the earliest human civilizations were formed on great rivers: the Nile, Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow rivers all saw great human aggregation along them. The most ancient, and vital architectural structures linked to the use of rivers are bridges. There are a wide range of medieval bridge structures, some very simple in their construction, to amazing triumphs of design and engineering comparable with the great ch...
The poor in England 1700–1850
This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. This fascinating study investigates the experience of English poverty between 1700 and 1900 and the ways in which the poor made ends meet. The phrase ‘economy of makeshifts’ has often been used to summarise the patchy, desperate and sometimes failing strategies of the poor for material survival. In The poor of England some of the leading, young historians of welfare examine how advantages gained from access to common land, mobilisation of kinship support, resorting to crime, and other marginal resources could prop up struggling households. The essays attempt to explain how and when the poor secured access to these makeshifts and suggest how the balance of these strategies might change over time or be modified by gender, life-cycle and geography. This book represents the single most significant attempt in print to supply the English ‘economy of makeshifts’ with a solid, empirical basis and to advance the concept of makeshifts from a vague but convenient label to a more precise yet inclusive definition.
The Open Fields of England
The Open Fields of England describes the open-field system of agriculture that operated in Medieval England before the establishment of present-day farms surrounded by hedges or walls. The volume encompasses a wide range of primary data not previously assembled, to which are added the results of new research based upon a fifty-year study of open-field remains and their related documents. The whole of England is examined, describing eight different kinds of field-system that have been identified, and relating them to their associated land-use and settlement. Details of field structure are explained, such as the demesne, the lord's land, and the tenants' holdings, as well as tenurial arrangeme...
The Hidden Places of England
England's landscape is as diverse as its culture. It is a country with magnificent landscapes. This guide looks at the more established places of interest throughout the country, but it also focuses on the more secluded and little known visitor attractions and places to stay, eat and drink.
The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church
Reproduction of the original.
England and Germany in the High Middle Ages
This collection of essays examines the similarities and differences between medieval England and Germany at a period of great change in almost all areas of life. It asks a number of fundamental questions which highlight the foundations of a rich common European heritage. What was it that madelife in the twelfth century more varied, less peaceful, and less secure than before? How can the parellel developments, changes, and transformations that took place in Latin Europe in the High Middle Ages be related to each other? What answers were found to the challenges of the age in England andGermany? This volume gives the reader an opportunity to see how English-speaking and German scholars approach similar themes. Edited by two leading German medievalists, it includes 17 contributions by eminent scholrs from Britain, North America, and Germany. It is divided into 4 sections on modes ofcommunication, war and peace, Christians and non-Christians, and urban and rural developments, and is essential reading for students and scholars of English or German medieval history.
England
Travelling around England is in many senses a journey back in time. On all sides, and sometimes even under the road or footpath itself, there are fragments of the ancient past side by side with the clutter of the modern world. Medieval villages, castles, ancient churches, and Roman villas arecommonplace and take us back to the time of Christ. Far older, yet equally abundant, are the barrows, hillforts, stone circles, camps, standing stones, trackways, and other relics of prehistoric times that have survived for several thousand years.This Guide is all about these ancient remains: the prehistoric, Roman, and medieval sites which date from the time between the first appearance of people in what we now call England during the last Ice Age and the end of medieval times around 1600 AD.
