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Spending Without Taxation
Annotation This work demonstrates how the Fiscal Investment Loan Program (FILP) enabled the Japanese government to run a neo-classical fiscal policy based on low budget spending from the end of the 1940s to 1970.
Spending Without Taxation
Governments confront difficult political choices when they must determine how to balance their spending. But what would happen if a government found a means of spending without taxation? In this book, Gene Park demonstrates how the Japanese government established and mobilized an enormous off-budget spending system, the Fiscal Investment Loan Program (FILP), which drew on postal savings, public pensions, and other funds to pay for its priorities and reduce demands on the budget. Park's book argues that this system underwrote a distinctive postwar political bargain, one that eschewed the rise of the welfare state and Keynesianism, but that also came with long-term political and economic costs that continue to this day. By drawing attention to FILP, this study resolves key debates in Japanese politics and also makes a larger point about public finance, demonstrating that governments can finance their activities not only through taxes but also through financial mechanisms to allocate credit and investment. Such "policy finance" is an important but often overlooked form of public finance that can change the political calculus of government fiscal choices.
Taming Japan's Deflation
Bolder economic policy could have addressed the persistent bouts of deflation in post-bubble Japan, write Gene Park, Saori N. Katada, Giacomo Chiozza, and Yoshiko Kojo in Taming Japan's Deflation. Despite warnings from economists, intense political pressure, and well-articulated unconventional policy options to address this problem, Japan's central bank, the Bank of Japan (BOJ), resisted taking the bold actions that the authors believe would have significantly helped. With Prime Minister Abe Shinzo's return to power, Japan finally shifted course at the start of 2013 with the launch of Abenomics—an economic agenda to reflate the economy—and Abe's appointment of new leadership at the BOJ. ...
The funding of science and discovery centres
Examines the role and effectiveness of science centres, how science centres are co-ordinated and organised, and how they are funded. This report also welcomes the offer by the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills to take responsibility for science centres.
Tropical Forests and Their Crops
The tropics are the source of many of our familiar fruits, vegetables, oils, and spice, as well as such commodities as rubber and wood. Moreover, other tropical fruits and vegetables are being introduced into our markets to offer variety to our diet. Now, as tropical forests are increasingly threatened, we face a double-fold crisis: not only the loss of the plants but also rich pools of potentially useful genes. Wild populations of crop plants harbor genes that can improve the productivity and disease resistance of cultivated crops, many of which are vital to developing economies and to global commerce. Eight chapters of this book are devoted to a variety of tropical crops—beverages, fruit...
Genetics and Precision Medicine,An issue of Medical Clinics of North America
This issue of Medical Clinics of North America, guest edited by Dr. Howard P. Levy, is devoted to Genetics and Precision Medicine. Articles in this important issue include: Family History in Genetics and Precision Medicine; Genetic Testing: Who, What, When and Why; Test Result Disclosure and When to Consult a Geneticist or Genetic Counselor; Patient Engagement to Inform a Large-scale Population Sequencing Program; Pharmacogenetics: Prescribing Precisely; DNA Testing for Early Cancer Diagnosis; Breast Cancer: BRCA and Beyond; Colon Cancer and Other GI Cancers; Neurofibromatosis and Related Disorders; Marfan, Loeys Dietz, and Other Syndromes Causing Arterial Fragility; Ehlers Danlos Syndromes and Related Disorders of Connective Tissue; Parkinson, Alzheimer, and Other Neuropsychiatric Diseases; Genetic Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disorders; and Polycystic Kidney Disease and Other Genetic Kidney Disorders. A CME program is also available for this title.
The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics
"Book Abstract and Keywords: The study of Japanese politics has flourished over the past several decades. This Handbook provides a state-of-the-field overview for students and researchers of Japanese. The volume also serves to introduce Japanese politics to readers less familiar with Japan. In addition, the volume has a theme of "evaluating Japan's democracy." Taken as a whole, the volume provides a positive evaluation of the state of Japan's democracy. The volume is divided into two parts, roughly corresponding to domestic Japanese politics and Japan's international politics. Within the domestic politics part, there are four distinct sections: "Domestic Political Actors and Institutions," c...
Gene Environment Interactions
Gene Environment Interactions: Nature and Nurture in the Twenty-first Century offers a rare, synergistic view of ongoing revelations in gene environment interaction studies, drawing together key themes from epigenetics, microbiomics, disease etiology, and toxicology to illuminate pathways for clinical translation and the paradigm shift towards precision medicine. Across eleven chapters, Dr. Smith discusses interactions with the environment, human adaptations to environmental stimuli, pathogen encounters across the centuries, epigenetic modulation of gene expression, transgenerational inheritance, the microbiome's intrinsic effects on human health, and the gene-environment etiology of cardiov...
Multimedia
Provides advice for publishers, producers and software developers on all aspects of the law affecting multimedia production, finance, sales, marketing, distribution and co-ventures, supported by case histories and examples. From understanding buying and selling rights, to creating products or services, to producing and protecting and distributing those products or services, through to forming joint ventures and other alliances and raising finance, the legal aspects are presented in a user friendly and accessible way. A key feature is the case study material to learn from others' successes and failures.
