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Use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to Assess Land Degradation at Multiple Scales
This report examines the scientific basis for the use of remotely sensed data, particularly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), primarily for the assessment of land degradation at different scales and for a range of applications, including resilience of agro-ecosystems. Evidence is drawn from a wide range of investigations, primarily from the scientific peer-reviewed literature but also non-journal sources. The literature review has been corroborated by interviews with leading specialists in the field. The report reviews the use of NDVI for a range of themes related to land degradation, including land cover change, drought monitoring and early warning systems, desertification proc...
God and the Gods
A Fascinating Story of Culture Clash in Contemporary Africa... Nsiemboh Ngoske is the most successful member of his family. Intelligent, educated, and poised on the brink of a career promotion, he has blessed his parents and siblings with wealth and comfort formerly beyond their reach. His parents, Elias and Lydia Ngoske, want to do all they can to protect and support their son. Lydia Ngoske believes in the Christian God-that wonderful heavenly Father who has so much to give, and who asks only prayer and belief of His followers. She prays fervently for protection and favor from God, but she knows that won't be enough in a world where personal agendas are advanced through the powers of the oc...
Crop Production Technologies
Crop production depends on the successful implementation of the soil, water, and nutrient management technologies. Food production by the year 2020 needs to be increased by 50 percent more than the present levels to satisfy the needs of around 8 billion people. Much of the increase would have to come from intensification of agricultural production. Importance of wise usage of water, nutrient management, and tillage in the agricultural sector for sustaining agricultural growth and slowing down environmental degradation calls for urgent attention of researchers, planners, and policy makers. Crop models enable researchers to promptly speculate on the long-term consequences of changes in agricul...
Yield gap analysis of field crops
To feed a world population that will exceed 9 billion by 2050 requires an estimated 60% increase over current primary agricultural productivity. Closing the common and often large gap between actual and attainable crop yield is critical to achieve this goal. To close yield gaps in both small and large scale cropping systems worldwide we need (1) definitions and techniques to measure and model yield at different levels (actual, attainable, potential) and different scales in space (field, farm, region, global) and time (short and long term); (2) identification of the causes of gaps between yield levels; (3) management options to reduce the gaps where feasible and (4) policies to favour adoption of sustainable gap-closing solutions. The aim of this publication is to critically review the methods for yield gap analysis, hence addressing primarily the first of these four requirements, reporting a wide-ranging and well-referenced analysis of literature on current methods to assess productivity of crops and cropping systems.
Water, Sustainable Development and the Nexus
Water is intricately linked with food security, energy security, and sustainable development. As the world is moving towards sustainable development goals, it is critical to recognize the role of water in attaining these goals. The Water-Energy-Food Nexus draws attention to the complex and interrelated nature of global resource systems and forces us to think about how a decision in one sector impacts other interlinked sectors as well. This book looks at the three dimensions of sustainable developmentenvironment, economics and society – and how water is linked with them and explores the nexus approach as a framework to look at the issues and identify solutions.
Farming the Black Earth
This book deals with the sustainability of agriculture on the Black Earth by drawing on data from long-term field experiments. It emphasises the opportunities for greater food and water security at local and regional levels. The Black Earth, Chernozem in Russian, is the best arable soil in the world and the breadbasket of Europe and North America. It was the focus of scientific study at the very beginnings of soil science in the late 19th century—as a world in itself, created by the roots of the steppe grasses building a water-stable granular structure that holds plentiful water, allows rapid infiltration of rain and snow melt, and free drainage of any surplus. Under the onslaught of industrial farming, Chernozem have undergone profound but largely unnoticed changes with far-reaching consequences—to the point that agriculture on Chernozem is no longer sustainable. The effects of agricultural practices on global warming, the diversion of rainfall away from replenishment of water resources to destructive runoff, and the pollution of streams and groundwater are all pressing issues. Sustainability absolutely requires that these consequences be arrested.
大田作物产量差距分析：方法和案例研究
到2050年，世界人口将会达到90亿人。这些人口对粮食的需求会比现在增加60％。实际产量和可获得产量之间的产量差距是普遍存在的，而且差距往往很大。如何减少产量差距对实现新增人口的粮食需求这个目标至关重要。 要减少世界范围内小规模和大规模种植制度存在的产量差距,需要：（1）测量和运用模型计算出不同水平的产量值,产量定义包括实际产量、可获得产量和潜在产量，不同生产规模包括田块、农场、地区、全球，时间尺度包括短期和长期；（2）确定不同水平间产量差距的原因；（3）用来减少产量差距的可行的管理措施；（4）有利于可持续减少产量差距技术推广应用的政策环境。本书的目的是认真审查产量差距分析的方法，主要解决上述四个需求中的第一个，并对目前评估作物和种植制度生产力方法的众多参考文献进行了分析。
Livelihood Security
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Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon
Cameroon is a land of much promise, but a land of unfulfilled promises. It has the potential to be an economically developed and democratic society but the struggle to live up to its potential has not gone well. Since independence there have been only two presidents of Cameroon; the current one has been in office since 1982. Endowed with a variety of climates and agricultural environments, numerous minerals and substantial forests, and a dynamic population, this is a country that should be a leader of Africa. Instead, we find a country almost paralyzed by corruption and poor management, a country with a low life expectancy and serious health problems, and a country from which the most talent...
The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
This book provides a coherent review of NDVI including its origin, its availability, its associated advantages and disadvantages, and its possible applications in ecology, environmental monitoring, wildlife management, and conservation.
