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Was hat das Alte Reich im Innersten zusammen gehalten? Waren es die Reichsinstitutionen wie beispielsweise das Reichskammergericht, der Reichshofrat und der Reichstag? Oder waren es die Reichsgrundgesetze wie der Westfälische Friede? Einen entscheidenden integrativen Faktor des Alten Reiches stellten gewiss die Personen und Personengruppen dar, die Aufgaben und Funktionen für Kaiser und Reich wahrnahmen. Inwieweit besaßen diese Personen eine spezifische Mentalität, die über das Zugehörigkeitsgefühl zu einer Reichsinstitution hinausging? Diesen und anderen Fragen gehen die Autoren nach, wobei das Spektrum der Beiträge von den Reichskammergerichtsboten, über Anwälte an den beiden höchsten Gerichten bis zu den kaiserlichen Kommissaren am Reichshofrat reicht.
Papers presented at two conferences with the theme Konstruktion von Gegenwart und Zukunft in der Freuhen Neuzeit in 2004.
Throughout Europe, the exercise of justice rests on judicial independence by impartiality. In Reason and Fairness Ulrike Müßig reveals the combination of ordinary judicial competences with procedural rationality, together with the complementarity of procedural and substantive justice, as the foundation for the ‘rule of law’ in court constitution, far earlier than the advent of liberal constitutionalism. The ECHR fair trial guarantee reads as the historically-grown consensus of the functional judicial independence. Both before historical and contemporary courts, justice is done and seen to be done by means of judgements, whose legal requirements combine the equation of ‘fair’ and ‘legal’ with that of ‘legal’ and ‘rational.’ This legal determinability of the judge’s fair attitude amounts to the specific (rational) European idea of justice.
The last four decades of the 18th century witnessed a sudden acceleration in the pace of change in the political cultures of England and Germany. The ways in which developments in the two countries diverged are the subject of this collection of essays by leading scholars from England, North America, and Germany. The book examines a wide range of phenomena: the ideological stock of the period; the structure of contemporary communications and the contemporary media; the institutional setting of politicization; forms of political association; political self-organization; and political strategies, activities, techniques, and rituals.