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Resistance is on the rise among a variety of human pathogenic microorganisms associated with common and potentially life-threatening infections, including penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There is increasing demand to approach the threat of multidrug resistance incorporating novel multidisciplinary methodologies and technological platforms. This book documents the latest research, covering current and promising activities in four key areas: computational chemistry and chemoinformatics, High Throughput Screening (HTS), non-vertebrate model hosts and light and nano-based technologies. It is essential reading for researchers and students in microbiology, biotechnology, pharmacology, chemistry and biology as well as medical professionals.
This timely book provides an overview of natural products/botanicals used for the management of insect-pest and diseases. It will help readers to update and widen their knowledge about natural products and their bio-activities against plant pathogens. The volume explores activity, chemistry, toxicity and geographic distribution of plants. Discussions concerning the methodology used for the detection of active principles, their mode of action and commercial prospects are of utmost importance and worthy of note. - Focuses on recent achievements in natural bio-actives - Global coverage of natural products / plants - Targets the most important issues of natural botanicals/ biocides - Includes innovative ideas with lucid explanations - Contains specialized chapters, such as, natural control of multi-drug resistant organisms, anti-salmonella agents, natural house-dust-mite control agents, and naturally occurring anti-insect proteins, etc. - Covers research on bioactives: From Lab to Field and Field to Market - Includes eco-friendly and economically viable herbal technology
Until 1985, the chemical element Carbon was only known to exist in two forms -- diamond and graphite. This changed when Kroto and co-workers discovered an entirely new form of carbon, which became known as C60 or the fullerene molecule. (This discovery later led to their award of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.) The original discovery of C60 was in the soot produced from the laser ablation of graphite. Since then, other methods of production have been developed. It is also thought that isolated C60 molecules may be found in stars and interstellar media. It was soon discovered that C60 is not the only ball-like carbon molecule possible (although it is the most stable and the most dominant). The rugby-ball shaped C70 molecule is another possibility. In nanotechnology, the potential applications of carbon nanotubes (formed by combining hexagonal rings of carbon atoms only, rather than hexagons and pentagons as in C60) for very small electronic devices are currently the subject of much activity. This book presents the latest research in this dynamic field.
There is overwhelming evidence that marine resources are being overexploited throughout the world. In an effort to conserve the natural resources of the world’s oceans, new methods, technologies, and practices in fishery and marine resource management must be implemented. Progressive Engineering Practices in Marine Resource Management combines scientific, ecological, and engineering approaches involved in the sustainable management of natural resources. Featuring coverage on key topics relating to environmental management, maritime spatial planning, sustainable fisheries, and waste water treatment, this publication is a critical reference source for fishery associations, scientists, environmental management authorities, and water management directorates interested in emerging technologies and innovative resource management techniques.
Tuberculosis is a global health threat and the unique features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and emergence of drug-resistant strains highlight the challenge it presents. Covering a wealth of state-of-the-art knowledge from active international experts, this book captures the latest developments in the advent of bacteriological, immunological and molecular tools for diagnosis and the development of new drugs. It shows how the challenge of tuberculosis is currently being met, providing insight into the evidence base underlying new developments in diagnosis, drug development and treatment.
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria; as such, they have many potential uses for promoting health and combating disease. This book covers the many facets of phage-bacterial-human interaction in three sections: the role and impact of phages on natural bacterial communities, the potential to develop phage-based therapeutics and other aspects in which phages can be used to combat disease, including bacterial detection, bacterial epidemiology, the tracing of fecal contamination of water and decontamination of foods.
Thousands of different microbial species colonize the human body, and are essential for our survival. This book presents a review of the current understanding of human microbiomes, the functions that they bring to the host, how we can model them, their role in health and disease and the methods used to explore them. Current research into areas such as the long-term effect of antibiotics makes this a subject of considerable interest. This title is essential reading for researchers and students of microbiology.
Examining meningitis mainly from a bacterial perspective, but also including an overview of viral, fungal and chronic meningitis, this book describes the anatomy of the meninges and clinical signs and symptoms of meningitis. Individual organisms that cause meningitis worldwide are dealt with in specific chapters, describing in detail how these pathogens interact with the human host at both a molecular and cellular level, providing a thorough understanding of bacterial virulence factors and host cell response.
Bacterial pili play important roles as environmental sensors, in host colonization and in biofilm formation, enabling bacteria to interact with the environment, with surfaces and with other bacteria and host cells. Most bacteria, both Gram positive and Gram negative, and almost all bacterial pathogens, are piliated. This book discusses the synthesis, structure, evolution, function and role in pathogenesis of these complex structures, and their basis for vaccine development and therapeutics for Streptococcus pathogens. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and students of medical microbiology.
Fullerenes and nanotubes are two classes of carbon structures or allotropes, which were discovered about 17 years ago. Since that time, many chemical derivatives have been synthesized using fullerenes and nanotubes as building blocks. Particularly promising was the theory that the chemical properties of fullerenes, and certain derivatives, made them likely candidates for anticancer drugs, inhibitors of viruses such as HIV, or even as anti-bacterials. Their cyctotoxicity can also be controlled by specific circumstances. In addition, the funtionalization of nanotubes has not only produced relatively simple derivatives, but also complex hybrids with biological macromolecules, which show unique supramolecular architecture and which are promising in many medical applications. The application of fullerenes and nanotubes in medicine is at the frontier of our knowledge, thus the work in this field represents the basis for future novel developments.