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Antimicrobial Resistance in food-producing environment: a One Health approach
One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems. It recognizes the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and inter-dependent. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing the collective need for clean water, energy and air, safe and nutritious food, taking action on climate changes and contributing to sustainable development." FAO, OIE, WHO, UNEP
Effects of Chlortetracycline and Copper Supplementation on Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Feces of Weaned Pigs
The use of antibiotics in food animals is of major concern as a purported cause of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human pathogens; as a result, alternatives to in-feed antibiotics such as heavy metals have been proposed. The effect of copper and CTC supplementation in weaned pigs on AMR in the gut microbiota was evaluated. Four treatment groups: control, copper, chlortetracycline (CTC), and copper plus CTC were randomly allocated to 32 pens with five pigs per pen. Fecal samples (n = 576) were collected weekly from three pigs per pen over six weeks and two Escherichia coli isolates per sample were tested phenotypically for antimicrobial and copper susceptibilities and genotypically for the...
Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats
Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary glands, is the most costly disease in dairy farming, mainly caused by a broad range of bacteria categorized into contagious and environmental bacteria. This book is a concise summary of mastitis in dairy cattle, sheep, and goats, which mainly focuses on etiological agents, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, pathological and histopathological changes, diagnosis, prevention, and control measures. This book serves as a textbook on mastitis in dairy cattle, sheep, and goats for dairy veterinarians, veterinary students, animal science students, dairy technicians, animal health professionals. Several researchers worldwide contributed to this book. This book contains the latest information on mastitis in dairy cattle, sheep, and goats and antimicrobial usage to prevent and control mastitis.
Livestock and its role in the emergence, spread, and evolution of antimicrobial resistance: Animal-to-human or animal-to-environment transmission
The occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens (e.g., Enterobacterales and nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli) to critically important antimicrobials such as carbapenems and colistin, last-resort antimicrobials, is a global multifactorial problem that involves animal–food–environmental–human sectors, which requires coordinated One Health and Global Health actions. The raising of food-producing animals has been increasing worldwide due to the rapid increase in demand for livestock products driven by human population growth. Consequently, the intensive use of antimicrobials in this sector has been associated with an increase in antimicrobial resistance. In this regard, the concerns associated with animal-to-human or animal-to-environment transmission of bacteria, including zoonotic pathogens, or plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes have increased in the last decade.
Prevalence, Transmission and Control of Clinically Important Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria/Genes within One Health Framework
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major public health issue, attracting increased attention from governments and researchers. The spread and transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria/genes is not only a clinical problem, but also poses unprecedented challenges in the animal husbandry industry and is closely linked to the environment. The clinically important antimicrobial resistant bacteria and their AMR genes, such as carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative Bacilli with blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM genes, colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with mcr genes, methicillin-resistant Staph...
