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This book presents novel findings concerning the systems, materials and processes used in solar energy conversion in communities. It begins with the core resource – solar radiation – and discusses the restrictions on the wide-scale implementation of conversion systems imposed by the built environment, as well as potential solutions. The book also describes efficient solar energy conversion in detail, focusing on heat and electricity production in communities and water reuse. Lastly, it analyzes the concept of sustainable communities, presenting examples from around the globe, along with novel approaches to improving their feasibility and affordability. Though chiefly intended for professionals working in the field of sustainability at the community level, the book will also be of interest to researchers, academics and doctoral students.
Antimicrobial packaging has recently attracted a great deal of interest from the food industry due to the boost in consumer demand for minimally-processed, preservative-free products. Antimicrobial polymeric packaging systems can be considered an emerging technology that could have an important impact on shelf life extension and food safety. Novel polymeric-based packaging materials are continually being developed. This book collects carefully chosen examples of the most recent and relevant advances in the preparation and characterization of antimicrobial composites for food packaging applications. Different polymer nanocomposites with improved packaging properties are discussed along with their mechanisms of action. Further, future perspectives for antimicrobial polymeric nanomaterials are provided.
This Special Issue presents studies on the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Although nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in a wide range of applications, challenges remain in addressing strong concerns about their risks to the environment and human health. As a result of inconsistencies among published results and diverging conclusions, the understanding of nanomaterial exposure and toxicity remains unclear. Determining whether these materials cause DNA damage—the first step in carcinogenesis—must be a priority in testing. In this book, readers will find recent publications on the genotoxic response to a broad range of nanomaterials, the impact of physico-chemical characteristics, safe-by-design and new developed tools.
In the field of plasma physics, plasmas (including charged fine particles) have been actively studied for more than 40 years, and special features of wave phenomena, self-organizations of the particles, potential formations, fluid-like motions of the particles, generations of fine particles in the plasmas, etc. have been investigated. Here, these plasmas are called “fine particle plasmas”, which are also called “dusty plasmas” and “complex plasmas”. This book intends to provide the reader with the recent progress of studies of fine particle plasmas from the viewpoints of wide and interdisciplinary directions, such as self-organized fine particles, Coulomb crystal formation, behaviors of fine particles, their stability, and syntheses of nano-sized particles in reactive plasmas. Further, the phenomena of dense grain particles and the effects of massive neutrinos in galaxy clustering are included.