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A successful vaccine for the prevention and/or immunotherapy against HIV/AIDS is one of the prominent challenges of the 21st century. To date, all human vaccine trials against this virus/disease have resulted in failure, or at best have shown very low efficacy. The scientific community dealing with HIV/AIDS has unanimously proposed a focus on basic science, with the intention of identifying correlates of protection that can serve as guides in developing and evaluating vaccine preparation. However, Nature seems to have already found several ways of dealing with infections by HIV and related primate lentiviruses, either by resisting infection or, once infected, avoiding immune damage and immun...
In his 1962 book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", Thomas Kuhn famously argued that researchers in every field of scientific enquiry always operate under a set of presuppositions known as paradigms that are rarely explicitly stated. In the field of HIV vaccine research, several prevailing paradigms led scientists for many years to pursue unfruitful lines of investigations that impeded significant progress. The uncritical acceptance of reigning paradigms makes scientists reluctant to abandon their mistaken assumptions even when they obtain results that are not consistent with the paradigms. The following five paradigms which disregard the degeneracy of the immune system were particul...
A distinguished French philosopher argues that the greatest threat to modern democracy is the dissemination of false information, myths that endanger the viability of freedom and the democratic way of life.
Thermodynamics is used as a metaphorical framework to propose a model in which initial stress-inducing conditions trigger cell transformation. In this model, noise in genetic expression acts as a major driving force that determines whether cells proliferate or differentiate. This mainly theoretical monograph, published in an unusual format, presents some preliminary experimental data to pave the way to larger experimental projects. The author takes a therapeutically-oriented stance and strives to show how very basic fundamental concepts can be used to inspire new therapeutic approaches in oncology.
Dalle bestie di Satana al caso Nadia Roccia Quando l’amicizia diventa omicidio Amici, complici, assassini Erano amici, condividevano frequentazioni, interessi, passioni. Poi qualcosa nella mente di uno di loro è andato in tilt e la morte ha messo fine a tutto. Così, la Triste Mietitrice ha assunto le sembianze proprio di colui, o colei, di cui era lecito fidarsi. Può accadere che il delirio porti l’omicida a sfogarsi sui social network, o a lasciare tracce di quello che ha compiuto su un motore di ricerca di internet. Indizi facili da recuperare, a volte; più difficili quando la premeditazione del delitto è stata lunga, laboriosa e accurata. Attingendo alla storia, alla cronaca nazi...
Advances in Animal Disease Diagnosis: Infectious animal diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses threaten the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock and human populations, limit productivity and significantly increase economic losses to each sector. Pathogen de-tection is an important step for the diagnosis and successful treatment of animal diseases as well as control management in farm and field conditions. The conventional techniques employed to diagnose pathogens in livestock species are time-consuming and sometimes give inconclusive results. On the contrary, molecular techniques have the potential to diag-nose known pathogens/conditions qui...
This volume is the result of the proceedings of a conference sponsored by the Engineering Foundation. The papers cover such topics as enzyme structure and function, improved biocatalysts through genetic engineering, enzyme stability and stabilization, and enzymes under unusual conditions.