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Man has moved rapidly from the hunter-gatherer environment to the living conditions of industrialised countries. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that the resulting reduced exposure to micro-organisms has led to disordered regulation of the immune system, and hence to increases in certain chronic inflammatory disorders, like allergic disorders, autoimmunity, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, depression, some cancers and perhaps Alzheimer and Parkinson. This book discusses the evidence for and against in the context of Darwinian medicine, which uses knowledge of evolution to cast light on human diseases. The approach is interdisciplinary, looking at man’s microbiological history, at the biology of the effects of microorganisms on the immune system, and at the implications for chronic inflammatory disorders in multiple organ systems. Finally, the authors describe progress in the exploitation of microorganisms or their components as novel prophylactics and treatments.
This edited collection of 12 chapters by research workers from a wide range of disciplines resolves the confusion that currently surrounds the “hygiene hypothesis” by considering the human need for exposure to microorganisms from an evolutionary point of view. The book explains why we evolved a requirement for exposure to microbiota from our mothers, from other people, and from the natural environment. It also explains the physiological roles of these exposures, what goes wrong when the exposures are distorted and how human lifestyles and activities, including degradation of the natural environment, are leading to this distortion. Particular attention is given to the range of pathologies associated with inappropriate microbial exposures and inappropriate colonization, including immunoregulatory problems such as allergies and autoimmunity, metabolic problems such as obesity and diabetes, and problems of central nervous system function and neurodegeneration. This book is of profound relevance to most medical disciplines, but also to those concerned with preserving the natural environment and with developing healthier urbanisation.
Examines the mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immune systems as they relate to infection and disease. • Explores the underlying mechanisms of immunity and the many sequelae of host-pathogen interactions, ranging from the sterile eradication of the invader, to controlled chronic infection, to pathologic corollaries of the host-pathogen crosstalk. • Discusses the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune disorders and cancers that are induced by infectious agents but then become independent of the infection process. • Serves as a resource for immunologists, molecular microbiologists, infectious disease clinicians, researchers, and students.
The late Arthur Rook established the Textbook of Dermatologyas the most comprehensive work of reference available to thedermatologist and it enjoys instant name recognition. Eachsubsequent edition has been expanded as the subject has developedand the book remains the ultimate source of clinical informationfor the trainee and practising dermatologist alike. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology covers all aspects of skindisease from basic science through pathology and epidemiology toclinical practice. Long recognized for its unparalleled coverage ofdiagnosis, this clinical classic earned its reputation as adefinitive source of information. New features of this Seventh Edition include: Two new Editors, Neil Cox and Christopher Griffiths, join theteam Every chapter is updated and several are completely rewrittenfrom scratch Completely new chapter on AIDS and the Skin Traditional emphasis on diagnosis preserved More coverage of treatment in each of the disease-specificchapters
A biography of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. The book gives a detailed account of his upbringing in India, his mathematical achievements, and his mathematical collaboration with English mathematician G. H. Hardy. The book also reviews the life of Hardy and the academic culture of Cambridge University during the early twentieth century.
Den T-Lymphocyten kommt eine Schlüsselrolle im Immunsystem zu: Sie sind unter anderem für Resistenzen gegenüber Infektionen und Tumoren und für die Entwicklung von Allergien und Autoimmunität verantwortlich. Bisher gab es kein vergleichbares Buch, das Funktionen und Subpopulationen der T-Zellen wie das vorliegende Werk von immunbiologischen Grundlagen ausgehend zusammenfassend darstellt.(05/98)
A controversial, revisionist approach to autoimmune and allergic disorders considers the perspective that the human immune system has been disabled by twentieth-century hygiene and medical practices.
Opportunistic, intracellular bacterial infections are at the forefront of research because of the challenges they present to immunocompromised patients. In this volume, the pathogenesis and immune reaction of these intracellular infections is featured, as are the most typical problems related to antimicrobial chemotherapy, and current approaches to their solution. Individual chapters set the pace for research on pathogenic and immune reactions to such infections as, mycobacterium tuberculosis, legionella pneumophila, chlamydia trachomatis and brucella.
The modern bathroom is an ingenious compilation of locked doors, smooth porcelain, 4-ply tissue and antibacterial hand soap, but despite this miracle of indoor plumbing, we still can’t bear the thought that anyone else should know that our bodies produce waste. Why must we live by the rules of this intense scatological embarrassment? In Spectacles of Waste, leading historian of medicine Warwick Anderson reveals how human excrement has always complicated humanity’s attempts to become modern. From wastewater epidemiology and sewage snooping to fecal transplants and excremental art, he argues that our insistence on separating ourselves from our bodily waste has fundamentally shaped our philosophies, social theories, literature and art—even the emergence of high-tech science as we understand it today. Written with verve and aplomb, Anderson’s expert analysis reveals how in recent years, humanity has doubled down on abstracting and datafying our most abject waste, and unconsciously underlined its biopolitical signature across our lives.