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Sexuality in Austria
Scholars have increasingly been investigating human sexu- ality as an important field of social history in particular national cultures. This volume examines both continuities and changing patterns of sexual behavior in Austria. Sexuality in Austria reflects the broad variety of such recent research. Maria Mesner surveys the growing number of sex counseling organizations in interwar Vienna, some driven by eugenics, others by social concerns. Ties with Margaret Sanger's birth control movement in the U.S. are also documented. Ingrid Bauer and Renate Huber are the first scholars to treat the "foreign encounters" between Austrian women and occupation soldiers during the postwar quadripartite Aus...
Austrian Lives
Writing biographies (life stories) for a long time had been a male hegemonic project-writing the lives of great (white) men. Ever since Plutarch and Sueton composed their vitae of the greats of classical antiquity, to the medieval obsession with the hagiographies of holy men (and a few women) and saints, Vasari's lives of great Renaissance artists, down to the French encyclopedists, Dr. Johnson and Lytton Strachey, as well as Ranke and Droysen the genre of biographical writing (“the representation of self ” or “the reconstruction of a human life”) has become increasingly more refined. In the twentieth century male predominance has become contested and the (collective) lives of women,...
The Marshall Plan in Austria
Perhaps no country benefitted more from the Marshall Plan for assistance in reconstruction of Europe after World War II than Austria. On a per capita basis, each American taxpayer invested $80 per person in the Plan; each Austrian received $133 from the European recovery program, more than any other of the sixteen participating countries. Without the Marshall Plan, the Austrian economic miracle of the 1950s would have been unthinkable. Despite this, contemporary Austria seems to have forgotten this essential American contribution to its postwar reconstruction. This volume in the Contemporary Austrian Studies series examines how the plan affected Austria, and how it is perceived today.The pol...
The Memory of Guilt Revisited
The collapse of the communist states is regarded as the starting point of the new Europe. With this turning point, historical narratives have had to be rewritten in the post-socialist countries. Focusing on the little known case of Slovenia, this issue of zeitgeschichte offers a comprehensive survey of the transformations affecting collective memory and the writing of history in one post-communist country. The essays analyze the ways in which Slovenian society has grappled with traumatic historical events and thus give insight into the ongoing struggle over the interpretation of Slovenia's past. Given the proliferating illiberal tendencies in the political culture of numerous European countries, the strategies of historical revisionism described in this issue are likely to be of considerable interest not only to scholars interested specifically in the case of Slovenia.
New Perspectives on Austrians and World War II
For more than a generation after World War II, offi cial government doctrine and many Austrians insisted they had been victims of Nazi aggression in 1938 and, therefore, bore no responsibility for German war crimes. During the past twenty years this myth has been revised to include a more complex past, one with both Austrian perpetrators and victims.Part one describes soldiers from Austria who fought in the German Wehrmacht, a history only recently unearthed. Richard Germann covers units and theaters Austrian fought in, while Th omas Grischany demonstrates how well they fought. Ela Hornung looks at case studies of denunciation of fellow soldiers, while Barbara Stelzl-Marx analyzes Austrian s...
D-Day
Stephen E. Ambrose’s D-Day is the definitive history of World War II’s most pivotal battle, a day that changed the course of history. D-Day is the epic story of men at the most demanding moment of their lives, when the horrors, complexities, and triumphs of life are laid bare. Distinguished historian Stephen E. Ambrose portrays the faces of courage and heroism, fear and determination—what Eisenhower called “the fury of an aroused democracy”—that shaped the victory of the citizen soldiers whom Hitler had disparaged. Drawing on more than 1,400 interviews with American, British, Canadian, French, and German veterans, Ambrose reveals how the original plans for the invasion had to be ...
Royals and the Reich
Princes Philipp and Christoph von Hessen-Kassel, great-grandsons of Queen Victoria of England, had been humiliated by defeat in World War I and, like much of the German aristocracy, feared the social unrest wrought by the ineffectual Weimar Republic. Jonathan Petropoulos shows how the princes, lured by prominent positions in the Nazi regime and highly susceptible to nationalist appeals, became enthusiastic supporters of Hitler. Prince Philipp, son-in-law to the King of Italy, became the highest-ranking prince in the Nazi state and developed a close personal relationship with Hitler and Hermann Göering. Prince Christoph was a prominent SS officer and head of the most important intelligence a...
Reflections on Camps – Space, Agency, Materiality
Camps as a global and ubiquitous mass phenomenon of the present and a flexible isolation tool for/against specific socially, politically, or ethnically defined groups are at the centre of current policies and societal debates. In the present volume, the authors explore camps as (cultural) spaces in a broad sense and deal with their complex dimensions as sites of the Modern. They examine camp spaces and their social configurations, physical/architectural qualities, symbolic functions as well as cultural representations in an intent to define the inscribed ambivalences, inconsistencies and paradoxes of the phenomenon. Positioned within different disciplinary contexts (Contemporary History, Vis...
Authoritarian Regimes in the Long Twentieth Century
This special issue of the journal “zeitgeschichte” presents the results of the doctoral theses written within the framework of the “Doctoral College European Historical Dictatorship and Transformation Research” (2009–2012) as selected scholarly essays. The contributions are devoted to authoritarian regimes of the 20th century in Austria, Belarus, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the Soviet Union. Using various methods from the humanities and social sciences, diff erent aspects of mainly “small” dictatorships are examined: conditions of emergence, structures, continuities, as well as preceding and subsequent processes of political and social transformation.
First Steps Toward Détente
Richard D. Williamson's First Steps toward Detente provides a history of negotiations conducted from 1958 to 1963 between the United States, its Western allies in Europe, and the Soviet Union, in order to resolve the Berlin Crisis. These negotiations established ongoing patterns of backchannel, ambassadorial, foreign minister, and heads of state discussions. From Khrushchev's visit to the United States in 1959 and the difficult Paris 1960 and Vienna 1961 summits to the construction of the Berlin Wall, disarmament remained a parallel concern dependent on Berlin's resolution. Allied disarray on the Berlin question led the United States and the Soviet Union to attempt bilateral negotiations in ...
