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Local Government in Europe
This work considers the role of local government in 13 EU Member States (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The book aims to provide an account of the system of local government in each of the countries studied along with a critical and contextual approach to the level of autonomy that local government enjoys. The approach is comparative, based on a questionnaire which all of the authors considered. There is then a detailed conclusion to the book which offers a detailed summary and comparative analysis of the responses in order to better consider the role of local authorities as the ‘fourth l...
Orchestrating Local Climate Policy in the European Union
Can we sidestep tedious climate policy negotiations and forge a coalition of the willing instead? Many international organizations and scholars hope to spur local climate action by orchestration, indirect and voluntary governance arrangements. Lena Bendlin looks beyond the apparent success of voluntary initiatives using the example of the Covenant of Mayors, often heralded as an exemplary multi-level EU initiative. Five in-depth case studies show why, how, and with what difficulties local governments engage in this voluntary commitment scheme. The analysis identifies durability, intensity, and causality as crucial building blocks for more cautious orchestration theorizing and derives recommendations for appropriate incentives and support at the regional, national, and international level.
China’s environmental policy in terms of European Union standards
It is beyond dispute that both China and the European Union stand to gain from promoting low-carbon development through the dissemination of clean and renewable energy sources, as this inevitably leads to increased environmental protection. The depletion of fossil fuel resources and the accompanying changes in the global energy mix make Europe and China not only competitors in the global economic race, but also nolens volens partners. Their pragmatic partnership is characterized, on the one hand, by the need to take action to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and, on the other, by the desire to minimize the negative environmental impact of their use. Hence, the existing and emerging cooperation between the two actors, while challenging for a number of reasons, is not only an attempt to set up channels to exchange vital information, but also an exercise in setting the standards under which further cooperation will be forged.
The Legal Status of Pupils in Europe
In the centre of the whole educational cosmos stands the pupil, the student. He or she has rights, sanctioned by a national and international judicial apparatus. The freedoms of parents, teachers and education establishments are functional in the service of the rights of the "user of education", as is the government's assignment. They hold a joint responsibility with regard to the right of a young person to be educated, and a fortiori of the school-age young person. The context in which education takes place is nevertheless undergoing major change. In recent times, schools have been presenting themselves more as brittle social institutions, sensitive to internal and external conflicts. If ev...
Redrawing Local Government Boundaries
Local governments today are under extreme pressure to undertake boundary reform. The global trend toward urbanization has brought with it economic, environmental, social, and regional demands that have severe implications for local governments and their territories. As a result, changing the areal jurisdiction of this most basic level of government has become a persistent and pressing challenge around the globe. This collection examines the legal and regulatory procedures involved in such municipal restructuring. Case studies from eight nations - the United States, Canada, Spain, Germany, Israel, Korea, China, and South Africa - investigate how and why local governments have been enlarged in...
Handbuch der kommunalen Wissenschaft und Praxis
VI de ertragen haben. Besonderer Dank gebührt ferner den kommunalen Spit zenverbänden, die auch diese Auflage wiederum mit Rat und Tat, vor allem durch Vermittlung geeigneter Autoren, unterstützt haben. Nicht weniger Dank verdient die Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung in Köln, die durch unkomplizier te finanzielle Hilfe wesentlich zum Erscheinen des Werkes beigetragen hat. Schließlich bin ich meinem früheren Assistenten Dr. Borchmann sowie meinen derzeitigen Mitarbeitern in Tübingen für vorbereitende und redak tionelle Arbeit zu großem Dank verpflichtet. Die deutschen Gemeinden und Kreise sehen sich derzeit, und zwar nicht nur in finanzieller Hinsicht, vor außerordentliche Probleme gestellt. ...
Die Prüfung von öffentlichen Unternehmen
Der Autor stellt die Prüfungsvielfalt öffentlicher Unternehmen in Beziehung zu ihrer gesetzlich zulässigen Rechtsform dar. Er zeigt, daß weitreichende Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Prüfungssysteme bestehen.
Kommunale Energieerzeugung in der Energiewende
Both state-owned (municipal) and privately-owned energy companies have to face enormous challenges due to the German energy transition as well as the ongoing liberalization of the energy markets in Europe. Especially the energy production sector needs to find new strategic solutions to tackle these challenges. Although, the issues of both kinds of energy companies are similar, privately and state-owned companies are subject to a different regulatory framework. This leads to partly significant legal and de facto advantage and disadvantages for municipal energy companies. These differences are mainly based on constitutional requirements which constrain the legislator in his ability to shape the regulatory framework for the municipal economy. Municipality Codes, however, do not always comply with the constitutional guidelines, in particular with regard to the common good and interregional business activities. Therefore, the Municipality Codes need to be adjusted. The challenge is to consider the needs of the municipal companies which are facing the troubling waters of energy transition while concurrently complying with the constitutional requirements.
