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In Euclidean geometry, constructions are made with ruler and compass. Projective geometry is simpler: its constructions require only a ruler. In projective geometry one never measures anything, instead, one relates one set of points to another by a projectivity. The first two chapters of this book introduce the important concepts of the subject and provide the logical foundations. The third and fourth chapters introduce the famous theorems of Desargues and Pappus. Chapters 5 and 6 make use of projectivities on a line and plane, respectively. The next three chapters develop a self-contained account of von Staudt's approach to the theory of conics. The modern approach used in that development is exploited in Chapter 10, which deals with the simplest finite geometry that is rich enough to illustrate all the theorems nontrivially. The concluding chapters show the connections among projective, Euclidean, and analytic geometry.
Along with many small improvements, this revised edition contains van Yzeren's new proof of Pascal's theorem (§1.7) and, in Chapter 2, an improved treatment of order and sense. The Sylvester-Gallai theorem, instead of being introduced as a curiosity, is now used as an essential step in the theory of harmonic separation (§3.34). This makes the logi cal development self-contained: the footnotes involving the References (pp. 214-216) are for comparison with earlier treatments, and to give credit where it is due, not to fill gaps in the argument. H.S.M.C. November 1992 v Preface to the Second Edition Why should one study the real plane? To this question, put by those who advocate the complex p...
Among the many beautiful and nontrivial theorems in geometry found in Geometry Revisited are the theorems of Ceva, Menelaus, Pappus, Desargues, Pascal, and Brianchon. A nice proof is given of Morley's remarkable theorem on angle trisectors. The transformational point of view is emphasized: reflections, rotations, translations, similarities, inversions, and affine and projective transformations. Many fascinating properties of circles, triangles, quadrilaterals, and conics are developed.
This lucid and accessible text provides an introductory guide to projective geometry, an area of mathematics concerned with the properties and invariants of geometric figures under projection. Including numerous worked examples and exercises throughout, the book covers axiomatic geometry, field planes and PG(r, F), coordinatising a projective plane, non-Desarguesian planes, conics and quadrics in PG(3, F). Assuming familiarity with linear algebra, elementary group theory, partial differentiation and finite fields, as well as some elementary coordinate geometry, this text is ideal for 3rd and 4th year mathematics undergraduates.
H.S.M. Coxeter is one of the world's best-known mathematicians who wrote several papers and books on geometry, algebra and topology, and finite mathematics. This book is being published in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the Canadian Mathematical Society and it is a collection of 26 papers written by Dr. Coxeter.
The Geometry and Topology of Coxeter Groups is a comprehensive and authoritative treatment of Coxeter groups from the viewpoint of geometric group theory. Groups generated by reflections are ubiquitous in mathematics, and there are classical examples of reflection groups in spherical, Euclidean, and hyperbolic geometry. Any Coxeter group can be realized as a group generated by reflection on a certain contractible cell complex, and this complex is the principal subject of this book. The book explains a theorem of Moussong that demonstrates that a polyhedral metric on this cell complex is nonpositively curved, meaning that Coxeter groups are "CAT(0) groups." The book describes the reflection g...
When we began to consider the scope of this book, we envisaged a catalogue supplying at least one abstract definition for any finitely generated group that the reader might propose. But we soon realized that more or less arbitrary restrictions are necessary, because interesting groups are so numerous. For permutation groups of degree 8 or less (i. e., subgroups of e ), the reader cannot do better than consult the 8 tables of JosEPHINE BuRNS (1915), while keeping an eye open for misprints. Our own tables (on pages 134-143) deal with groups of low order, finiteandinfinite groups of congruent transformations, symmetric and alternating groups, linear fractional groups, and groups generated by re...
Absorbing essays demonstrate the charms of mathematics. Stimulating and thought-provoking treatment of geometry's crucial role in a wide range of mathematical applications, for students and mathematicians.