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The role of agriculture in the structural transformation of Indonesia
Indonesia has managed to combine high rates of growth, rapid reductions in rural poverty and a significant structural transformation of its economy all at the same time without a big increase in urban manufacturing. Agriculture was a critical part of this transformation through two important channels. First, export-oriented agriculture, particularly palm oil and rubber contributed to rising foreign exchange receipts and helped make compatible rapid growth without balance of payments pressure on the macro economy. Second, through the release of workers from low productivity agriculture to more productive nonagricultural activities, structural change contributed between 25 and 50 percent of the rise in national labor productivity depending on the period. The government also played an important role in agricultural development and productivity growth. Public investments in irrigation in combination with subsidies for fertilizer and improved seeds increased agricultural productivity generating an adequate supply of food for domestic needs with less labor.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Knowledge Sciences and Education (ICSKSE 2022)
This is an open access book. Each country in Southeast Asia has experienced numerous adversities, from pandemic and disasters, to inequalities and threats to democracy. Adding to these challenges, are our common experience of colonialism where its legacies still resonate in the present. Despite these challenges, Southeast Asia continue to participate in global commitments geared towards realizing sustainable development, democracy, and countervailing the imbalance global power relation. Furthermore, Southeast Asia has been the center of studies that critically examined the global power of knowledge production. Categories of ‘developing, undeveloped, or third world’ have been largely ques...
Towards Universal Health Care in Emerging Economies
This book explores how political, social, economic and institutional factors in eight emerging economies have combined to generate diverse outcomes in their move towards universal health care. Structured in three parts, the book begins by framing social policy as an integral system in its own right. The following two parts go on to discuss the opportunities and challenges of achieving universal health care in Thailand, Brazil and China, and survey the obstacles facing India, Indonesia, Russia, South Africa and Venezuela in the reform of their health care systems. The evolution of social policy systems and the cases in this volume together demonstrate that universalism in health care is continuously redefined by the interactions between diverse political forces and through specific policy processes. At a time when international and national-level discourse around health systems has once again brought universalism to the fore, this edited collection offers a timely contribution to the field in its thorough analysis of health care reform in emerging economies.
A Synthesis of Time
This book is an anthropological investigation into the different forms the economy assumes, and the different purposes it serves, when conceived from the perspective of Islamic micro-finance as a field of everyday practice. It is based on long-term ethnographic research in Java, Indonesia, with Islamic foundations active in managing zakat and other charitable funds, for purposes of poverty alleviation. The book explores the social foundations of contemporary Islamic practices that strive to encompass the economic within an expanded domain of divine worship and elucidates the effects such encompassment has on time, its fissure and synthesis. In order to elaborate on the question of time, the book looks beyond anthropology and Islamic studies, engaging attentively, critically and productively with the post-structuralist work of G. Deleuze, M. Foucault and J. Derrida, three of the most important figures of the temporal turn in contemporary philosophy.
Lessons in Sustainable Development from Malaysia and Indonesia
Sustainable Development in Malaysia and Indonesia examines a range of topics pertaining to sustainable development in the two countries. While Indonesia and Malaysia are geographically close, Indonesia lags behind Malaysia in terms of well-being, with a lack of social services, and economic indicators, as GDP per capita is lower than that in Malaysia. Environmental problems are similar, since both possess large amounts of biodiversity and natural resources. Hsu and Perry provide a concise overview of sustainable development in the nations, make policy recommendations for each country, and discuss sustainable development experiments in both countries.
Striving for Clean Air
South Asia is home to 9 of the world's 10 cities with the worst air pollution. Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in some of the region's most densely populated and poor areas are up to 20 times higher than what the World Health Organization considers healthy (5 micrograms per cubic meter). This pollution causes an estimated 2 million premature deaths in the region each year and results in significant economic costs. Controlling air pollution is difficult without a better understanding of the activities that cause emissions of particulate matter. Air pollution travels long distances in South Asia and gets trapped in large 'airsheds' that are shaped by climatology and geography...
Managing Globalization in the Asian Century
The global centre of gravity continues to shift to the Asia-Pacific, the most dynamic region in the world. These economies have generally grown faster for longer periods of time than any other major region in world history. Their embrace of globalization has been a central feature, and driver, of their dynamism. The management of Asia-Pacific economic integration and globalization is crucial not only for the countries themselves but also for the state of the global economy, including importantly latecomer developing economies who look to the region for analytical and development policy lessons. Twenty-eight leading international authorities in the field, drawn from nine countries, provide a ...
Global Poverty
An in-depth analysis of the global poverty 'problem' and how it is framed and understood. The volume questions existing theories of the causes of global poverty and argues that global poverty is gradually becoming a question of national distribution.
Economic Change in Modern Indonesia
Indonesia is often viewed as a country with substantial natural resources which has achieved solid economic growth since the 1960s, but which still faces serious economic challenges. In 2010, its per capita GDP was only nineteen per cent of that of the Netherlands, and twenty-two per cent of that of Japan. In recent decades, per capita GDP has fallen behind that of neighbouring countries such as Malaysia and Thailand, and behind China. In this accessible but thorough new study, Anne Booth explains the long-term factors which have influenced Indonesian economic performance, taking into account the Dutch colonial legacy and the reaction to it after the transfer of power in 1949. The first part of the book offers a chronological study of economic development from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first century, while the second part explores topics including the persistence of economic nationalism and the ongoing tensions between Indonesia's diverse regions.
RANCANG BANGUN MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI PETANI BERBASIS ZISWAF
Indonesia adalah negara agraris yang sebagian besar penduduknya hidup di bidang pertanian. Namun sangat ironi ketika kenyataan di lapangan kemiskinan yang terjadi di Indonesia terdapat pada sektor ini. Data pada Maret 2011, menunjukkan jumlah penduduk miskin Indonesia mencapai 30,02 juta jiwa (12,49 persen), dari jumlah tersebut 2/3 nya adalah mereka yang tinggal di daerah perdesaan dan bekerja di sektor pertanian, baik sebagai petani maupun buruh tani. Program-program pengentasan kemiskinan sudah banyak dilakukan sejak era orde lama sampai sekarang. Meskipun demikian, hingga saat ini bangsa Indonesia belum benar-benar terlepas dari kemiskinan sejak krisis berkepanjangan. Selama ini, program...
