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The institutional endowment of a country determines government's regulatory choices, the public policies, incentives, and the direction of economic activities in the country and the level of the economic efficiency. The authors use this conceptual framework introduced by Levy and Spiller (1996) to examine how institutional endowment in Turkey influence economic and political structure. In this context, most elements of institutional endowments in Turkey are common to all sectors and reforms, (namely, legislative and executive institutions, nature of the judicial system, bureaucratic structure). They also observe the political economy of the change in Turkey. For that reason, they observe similarities and differences in the contests among groups with divergent interests for the different policy changes and reforms processes. Thus, they introduce a crucial guide for scholars, researchers, and investors around the world about the political and economic structure in Turkey
Mustafa Ali was the foremost historian of the sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire. Most modern scholars of the Ottoman period have focused on economic and institutional issues, but this study uses Ali and his works as the basis for analyzing the nature of intellectual and social life in a formative period of the Ottoman Empire. Originally published in 1986. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Recommendations -- Methodology --I. Background -- II. Suspension of safeguards against torture and ill treatment -- III. Climate of fear -- IV. Allegations of ill-treatment and torture -- V. A climate of impunity for torture and ill-treatment -- VI. Response of international and domestic organizations.
After the dissolution of the PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) in 2002, internal discussions ran high, and fear and uncertainty about the future of the Kurdish freedom movement threatened to unravel the gains of decades of organizing and armed struggle. From his prison cell, Abdullah Öcalan intervened by penning his most influential work to date: Beyond State, Power, and Violence. With a stunning vision of a freedom movement centered on women’s liberation, democracy, and ecology, Öcalan helped reinvigorate the Kurdish freedom movement by providing a revolutionary path forward with what is undoubtedly the furthest-reaching definition of democracy the world has ever seen. Here, for the firs...
The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is infamous for its violence. The struggle it has waged for Kurdish independence in southeastern Turkey has cost in excess of 40,000 lives since 1984. A less-known fact, however, is that the PKK now embraces a non-violent end to the conflict, with its leader Abdullah Öcalan having ordered a ceasefire and engaging in a negotiated peace with the Ankara government. Whether these tentative attempts at peacemaking mean an end to the bloodshed remains to be seen, but either way the ramifications for Turkey and the wider region are potentially huge. Charting the ideological evolution of the PKK, as well as its origins, aims and structure, Paul White provides the only authoritative and up-to-date analysis of one of the most important non-state political players in the contemporary Middle East.
How severe is the literacy gap in our schools? In The Reading Crisis, the renowned reading specialist Jeanne Chall and her colleagues examine the causes of this disparity and suggest some remedies.
This book is about the Kurds and Kurdistan, discussing Kurdish nationalist aspirations, the repeated Kurdish revolts, and the rogue chromosome in Kurdish genetics causes what Indians, with their love of fancy words, would call "fissiparous tendencies."
Using Greek, Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman sources, this volume looks at the relations between Byzantium and its eastern neighbours in the thirteenth century, and presents a new interpretation of the Nicaean Empire and highlights the evidence for its wealth and power.